Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 16)

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), Nobel prize-winning atomic physicist, c1908
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), New Zealand atomic physicist, c1908. Awarded 1908 Nobel prize for chemistry. Is considered by many to have laid the groundwork for the development of modern nuclear

Manufacturing pencils, 1872. The lead (graphite) is set into a grooved strip of cedar, then a second strip of wood is placed on top and glued. The whole pencil was then placed in a machine and rounded

Explanation of principles of physics, 1725. The formation of a rainbow by dispersion and total internal reflection (top), and observing Newtons Rings (circular concentric interference fringes)

Typewriter patented by John Pratt in 1866 (1915)

George Atwoods machine for demonstrating the effect of gravity on falling bodies, c1780
George Atwoods machine for demonstrating and investigating the effect of gravity on falling bodies, c1780. Atwood (1746-1807), an English mathematician

Comparison of the teeth of an iguanodon with those of a modern iguana, 1836
Comparison of fossil teeth and nasal horn of an iguanodon and the lower jaw and teeth of a modern iguana, 1836. From Geology and Mineralogy by William Buckland, one of the Bridgewater Treatises

Triceratops, a horned dinosaur, held down by a Tyrannosaur, c1920. Artists reconstruction of a fight between two giant reptiles of the Cretaceous epoch (99, 000, 000-65, 000, 000 years ago)

Skeleton of Megatherium, extinct giant ground sloth, 1823. Megatherium was a prehistoric herbivore that lived in South America. This specimen was found in Paraguay in c1796

Woolly mammoth (Mammuthus), 1892. An extinct genus of elephant from the Pleistocene epoch (2, 500, 000 to 10, 000 years ago) found in fossil deposits and in northern Europe as 30

Woolly mammoth (Mammuthus) skeleton, 1830. An extinct genus of elephant from the Pleistocene epoch (2, 500, 000 to 10, 000 years ago) found in fossil deposits and in northern Europe as 30

Reconstruction of the Irish elk (Megaloceros), c1880. Megaloceros is an extinct genus of the Pleistocene epoch (2, 500, 000 to 10, 000 years ago) found as fossils in Asia and Europe

Dream Lead Mine, near Wirksworth, Derbyshire, 1881. Sectional view showing the workings and the position in which a skeleton of a rhinoceros was discovered

Discovery of iguanodon fossils, Bernissart, Belgium, 1878 (c1880). 39 skeletons of the herbivorous dinosaur were discovered in a coal mine by Jules Creteur and his workmates

Fossil hunting in Cherry Hinton chalk pit, Cambridgeshire, 1822. One of the quarry workers is handing a find, an ammonite perhaps, to a gentleman collector

Advertisement for Edison phonograph cylinder recordings, 1900. From Scientific American. (New York, 1900). Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

Cutting coin blanks from metal strips, Royal Mint, London, 1897. After being cut, the blanks were then put in a coin stamping press

Part of the production line at Fords Highland Park factory, Detroit, Michigan, USA, c1914. The factory, 4.5 miles from the centre of Detroit was the first to make use of assembly-line techniques

Milling the edges of coins, Royal Mint, London, 1891. A milled edge meant that metal could not be stolen from the edges of gold and silver coins by clipping, so reducing their intrinsic value

Coining press at the Royal Mint, London, 1891

Henry Ford, American engineer and automobile manufacturer, c1910-c1930. In 1903, Henry Ford (1863-1947) founded the Ford Motor Company

Melting house at the Paris mint, 1892. Pouring gold into moulds to form standard ingots

Ford Model T, 1910. Artist: Ford Motor Company
Ford Model T, 1910. The Model T was introduced by Henry Ford in 1909 and the Ford Motor Companys Detroit factory was adapted for its mass production

Testing the weight of gold pieces, Paris mint, 1892

Filling shrapnel shells in a British munitions factory, World War I, 1914-1918

Bird s-eye view of Krupps works, Essen, Germany, 1876. In 1826, aged only 14, Alfred Krupp (1812-1887) took over the steel-making factory founded by his father Friedrich

Alfred Krupp, German industrialist and armaments manufacturer, 1886. In 1826, aged only 14, Alfred Krupp (1812-1887) took over the steel-making factory founded by his father Friedrich

Packing tea in the warehouses of the East & West India Dock Company, London, 1874. Refilling tea chests after bulking (remixing after the journey as smaller leaves)

Bulking tea in the warehouses of the East & West India Dock Company, London, 1874. Bulking was a process necessary especially with Indian tea

Dockers unloading sugar at West India Docks, London, 1889. Each docker wheels a trolley carrying a single sack which is recorded and marked

Dockers unloading tea in London Docks, 1889

Making bicycle handlebars, France, 1896. A man works on handlebars clamped in a vice. Behind him is a forge with multiple work stations

Unloading frozen meat from Australia, South West India Dock, Millwall, London, 1881. Interior of the hold of the Catania, which sailed on 28 August from Sydney with nearly 120 tons of meat

Packing and weighing tea for export on a Ceylon (Sri Lanka) estate, 1905

Charles Dickens, English author, c1850-1870. Dickens (1812-1870) began his career as a journalist before becoming one of the greatest English novelists

Method of laying an artillery piece on target using Gunners scale, 18th century. Paths of trajectories and various types of ammunition are shown

Paul Masson, winner of a cycling event at the Olympic Games, Athens, 1896. Masson, a Frenchman, won 3 events at the first modern Olympiad, the 2km, 10km and single lap races

Wedding party on bicycles led by the bride and bridegroom, Nice, France, 1909. The party rode to the civil ceremony and after it was performed, remounted and rode off for the wedding breakfast

Eiffel Tower elevator, 1889. Elevator built by Otis. An elevator car and one leg of the tower showing the elevator system with (1) hydraulic cylinder; (2) travelling multiplying pulleys; (3)

Rear-engined Benz Velo car, German, 1894. Karl Benz was the father of the motorcar. In 1885 he built the first successful petrol engine car, and Benz cars were produced for public sale from 1888

Cover of De la Terre a la Lune and Autour de la Lune, by Jules Verne, c1896
Cover of De la Terre a la Lune (From the Earth to the Moon) and Autour de la Lune (Around the Moon), from the Voyages Extraordinaires series by the popular French science fiction writer Jules Verne

Prison ships (hulks or tenders) in the Thames off the Tower of London, 1805. Artist: William Henry Pyne
Prison ships (hulks or tenders) in the Thames off the Tower of London, 1805. Hulks were usually old naval vessels no longer considered seaworthy

Woman in cycling dress, American, c1900. Display card showing a ladies cycling costume with accordion-pleated divided skirt and side-buttoning gaiters, made by Gosta Kraemer, New York

Canning Dock, Liverpool, showing the Custom House, 1841. Sailing vessels can be seen moored in the basin as well as warehouses on the dockside. Canning Dock opened in 1737

The Fight for the Harvest : sorting of seeds in a Mordva collective farm, 1933. Russian postcard after a painting by Jeroushew

Birmingham viewed from the south showing smoking chimneys, c1860. A small manufacturing town until the 18th century, Birmingham was one of the most important centres of the Industrial Revolution in

Surfacing a road with granite setts, Paris, c1900. Liebig trade card

Surfacing a Paris street with wooden blocks, c1900. Liebig trade card

Laying paving slabs in a Paris street, c1900. Workmen are using crowbars to lever the slabs into place. In the background is the cathedral of Notre Dame. Liebig trade card

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