Images Dated 4th August 2005

Train crossing Stockport viaduct on the London & North Western Railway, c1845. Note the pollution of the river banks, smoking chimneys and the complete domination of the scene by the viaduct

Whitby, 1824. Artist: JMW Turner
Whitby, 1824. From the Tate Gallery, London

Water! Water! Everywhere; and not a Drop to Drink, 1849. Comment on the London water supply during the reappearance of cholera in 1848 and 1849

The Order of Release, 1746, 1852-1853. Artist: John Everett Millais
The Order of Release, 1746, 1852-1853

The Engineer, 1867. The workman is using a file on an engine part held in a vice. Engineers made and maintained the steam engines and machinery used in manufacturing and transport

The Lace Maker, c1664. Artist: Jan Vermeer
The Lace Maker, c1664. The woman is making pillow lace which uses a strip of parchment on which the pattern has been pricked out

The Strawberry Thief, 1883. Artist: William Morris
The Strawberry Thief, 1883

William Herschels reflecting telescope of 40 ft (12 m) focal length, 1789 (1807)

Bridge of Sighs, Ducal Palace and Custom-House, Venice: Canaletti Painting, 1833

Viaduct on the Baltimore & Washington Railroad, c1838. Artist: Henry Adlard
Viaduct on the Baltimore & Washington Railroad, c1838. Illustration after a painting by William Henry Bartlett (1809-1854) who visited the United States in the 1830s

Four moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, 1979. Four separate pictures of these moons sometimes known as the Galilean moons taken from Voyager 1

The Whale, c1850. Artist: Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
The Whale, c1850

JJ Thomson, British nuclear physicist, 1898. Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940), the discoverer of the electron, with his students at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge

New Lanark Mills, Scotland, c1815. Robert Owens (1771-1858) model community of cotton mills and housing

Construction of the Kilsby Tunnel on the London & Birmingham Railway, 8 July 1837 (1839)

Friedrich Engels, German socialist and collaborator and supporter of Karl Marx, 1879. Engels lived mainly in England from 1842

John Wood Approaching Bombay, c1850. Artist: Joseph Heard
John Wood Approaching Bombay, c1850. At this time the East India Company was still governing India

Battle at the Porte St Denis, 28th July, 1830, Paris. Artist: Hippolyte Lecomte
Battle at the Porte St Denis, 28th July, 1830, Paris. Fighting between the people and royalist troops during the French Revolution of July 1830. From the Musee Carnavalet, Paris

The Old Plantation, 1800. Plantation slaves dancing in front of their wooden cabins accompanied by banjo and drum. From the collection of the Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, USA

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1833. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

Needle-making equipment, 1819. The large machine at bottom right is George Priors dry grinder with a box partly enclosing the grindstone to minimise dust (1813)

Chirk Aqueduct on the Ellesmere Canal, c1829. Artist: Thomas Barber
Chirk Aqueduct on the Ellesmere Canal, c1829

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), Nobel prize-winning atomic physicist, c1908
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), New Zealand atomic physicist. Won 1908 Nobel prize for chemistry

Bird s-eye view of the Eiffel Tower at the time of the opening of the Paris Exposition of 1889

Exterior of the north transept of the Crystal Palace, London, built for the Great Exhibition, 1851

Geological map of the moon, 1967. This map is based largely on photographs taken by the US Lunar Orbiter 4 spacecraft

Advertisement for Sunlight household soap, c1890. The advertisement recommends the soap it to the housewife by claiming it would make life easier

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1871. Darwin (1809-1882) was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836

The Story of Theseus, mid-15th century. Artist: Master of the Cassoni
The Story of Theseus, mid-15th century

Great Eastern on the stocks at Millwall on the Thames, 1857. View from the stern, showing the vessel in John Scott Russells (1808-1882) yard

Tring cutting, London & Birmingham Railway, 17 June 1837 (1839). Artist: John Cooke Bourne
Tring cutting, London & Birmingham Railway, 17 June 1837 (1839). Navvies excavating the cutting

Industrial polltion, Sheffield, Yorkshire, c1925. Factory chimneys pouring out polluted smoke

Euston Station, London terminus of London and Birmingham Railway, 1840. A man greets a female passenger while luggage on the cariage roof is untied. Iron pillars and trusses support the station roof

Microwave map of whole sky, c1990s. A map produced from one years data from NASAs COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite

Guglielmo Marconi, Italian physicist and inventor and pioneer of wireless telegraphy

Richard Owen, English zoologist, 1884. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Richard Owen, English zoologist, 1884. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

The Blind Girl, 1856. Artist: John Everett Millais
The Blind Girl, 1856. Two beggar girls, the elder one blind and with a concertina rest by a wayside stream after rain. A double rainbow in background. Forget-me-nots bloom at bottom left

Illustration from John Miltons Paradise Lost, 1866. Artist: Gustave Dore
Illustration from John Miltons Paradise Lost, 1866. Illustration for Miltons (1608-1674) epic poem dramatising the fall of Man in the Book of Genesis in the Bible

The Anatomist, 1811. Artist: Thomas Rowlandson
The Anatomist, 1811. Cartoon showing the terror of a patient and his wife as a surgeon opens his bag of instruments

Four moons of Jupiter. Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, 1979. Four separate pictures of these moons taken from Voyager 1

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, c1890. Artist: W&D Downey
Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, c1890. Huxley (1825-1895) was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of evolution in the 19th century

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, at his desk, c1880. Huxley (1825-1895) was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of evolution in the 19th century

Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1883. Huxley (1825-1895) was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of evolution in the 19th century

Thomas, Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1877. Artist: Lock & Whitfield
Thomas, Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1877. Huxley (1825-1895) was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of evolution in the 19th century. From Men of Mark

Napoleon at Arcola Bridge, 15 November 1796

Battle of Austerlitz, 2 December, 1805, (c1835). Artist: Francois Georgin
Battle of Austerlitz, 2 December, 1805, (c1835). Regarded as Napoleon Bonapartes greatest victory, Austerlitz was a sublime trap that destroyed the armies of his enemies Russia and Austria

Battle of the Pyramids, 21 June, 1798, (c1835). Artist: Francois Georgin
Battle of the Pyramids, 21 June, 1798, (c1835)

Battle of Fleurus, 26 June 1794

Music Party, East Cowes Castle, c1835. Artist: JMW Turner
Music Party, East Cowes Castle, c1835. From the Tate Gallery, London

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1871. Huxley (1823-1883) at the time of his presidency of the British Association for the Advancement of Science

Dawlish, Devon, c1860. This viewshows the track of Isambard Kingdom Brunels (1806-1859) South Devon Railway

Lead chamber for production of sulphuric acid, 1866. Also known as Oil of Vitriol or H2S04, sulphuric acid was one of the most important industrial chemicals

Harry John Lawson, English inventor of a safety bicycle, 19th century. In 1879 Lawson produced the first bicycle driven by a chain from centrally positioned pedals to the rear wheel

Comte de La Perouse, 18th century French navigator, astronomer and explorer, c1834
Jean Francois de Galaup, Comte de La Perouse, 18th century French navigator, astronomer and explorer, c1830

Mr O Brien, the Irish Giant, the Tallest Man in the Known World, 1803. Artist: John Kay
Mr O Brien, the Irish Giant, the Tallest Man in the Known World, 1803. Patrick O Brien (c1765-1804), the Irish giant, being measured for a suit by an Edinburgh tailor

Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire, from above the bridge, c1795. Artist: Samuel Ireland
Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire, from above the bridge, c1795. On the left, where many masts are shown, is the entrance to the Staffordshire and Worcester Canal

Heinrich Wilhelm Mathias Olbers, German astronomer and physician, 1864

Rene Descartes idea of vision, showing the function of the eye, optic nerve and brain, 1692. From Opera Philosophica by Rene Descartes. (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1692)

Copernican (heliocentric) system of the universe, 17th century. Artist: Johannes Hevelius
Copernican (heliocentric) system of the universe, 17th century. Nicholas Copernicus published his sun-centred theory of the universe in his De Revolutionibus (1543)

Colt Frontier revolver, invented by Samuel Colt (1814-62), c1850. Fig. 2: the breech disc. Fig. 3: the cartridge in section. From The Mechanics Magazine. Also known as the Colt Peacemaker

Samuel Colt (1814-1862), inventor of the Colt revolver, 1856. The American inventor and industrialist invented the weapon which, after the Mexican war of 1846-8, was adopted by the US army

Discovery of iguanodon fossils, Bernissart, Belgium, 1878 (c1880). 39 skeletons of the herbivorous dinosaur were discovered in a coal mine by Jules Creteur and his workmates

Microscope made by C Reichert, Vienna, 1895. Artist: C Reichert
Microscope made by C Reichert, Vienna, 1895. The microscope featured objectives of different powers which could be turned into viewing position as required

First magnetoelectric motor built by Hippolyte Pixii, c1832 (c1890). This was the first application of Faradays demonstration (1831) that magnetism produces an electric current

Equilibrium and movement of the air, c1851

Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist

Alfred Lothar Wegener, German geophysicist and meteorologist. Wegener (1880-1930) formulated the theory of Continental Drift (Wegener Hypothesis), published in 1915

A universal message of friendship, 1977. This message was printed on a plaque attached to Voyagers I and II as they travelled through the solar system in the late 1970s and early 1980s

Nearly full view of Io, one of the moons of Jupiter, 1979. Taken from Voyager this moon was named the pizza moon because of its mottled appearance

Full view of Io, one of the moons of Jupiter, 1979. Taken from the Voyager 1, this moon was named the pizza moon because of its mottled appearance

Jupiter and Io, one of its moons, 1979. This picture was taken by Voyager 1 from a distance of 20 million kilometres

The planet Jupiter, 1979

Great Red Spot on Jupiter, 1979. Voyager 1s image of a close up of the turbulent region around the Great Red Spot on Jupiter, a storm that has been raging for hundreds of years

Woman operating a power loom for weaving cotton, c1840. The model illustrated is that invented by Roberts (c1815-1820). Belting connecting to the drive shaft is shown at centre back of the picture

Battle of Marengo, 13 June, 1800. Artist: Francois Georgin
Battle of Marengo, 13 June, 1800. General Louis Desaix (1768-1800) heard the cannons firing, turned around his divisions and marched to the sound of the guns

Napoleon at the Siege of Toulon, 1793, (19th century)

The Wheel of Life, Tibet, 19th-20th century. A buddhist deity wearing a skull headdress holds a wheel containing scenes from the cycle of life and death

The Good Samaritan Window, Chartres Cathedral, France, 13th century. God warning Adam and Eve not to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge

Adam and Eve ( The Temptation of Adam ), c1520. Artist: Master of Lucretia
Adam and Eve ( The Temptation of Adam ), c1520. Eve offers Adam the apple of the Tree of Knowledge while the serpent, coiled round a tree, looks on. Adam and Eve are naked but each clutches a fig leaf

Otto Lilienthal, German aeronaut, early 20th century. Lilienthal taking to the air in one of his gliders. He made more than 2000 flights before being killed in a crash

The Express Train, USA, 1870. Artist: Currier and Ives
The Express Train, USA, 1870. A locomotive with a cowcatcher hauls a train through a cutting

Sectional view of a telegraph tower for Claude Chappes semaphore, 1792, (c1870). Chappes (1763-1805) system was in use in France and French colonies until about 1850

Alexander Fleming, Scottish bacteriologist, c1930s. Fleming (1881-1955) discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1928

James Dewar, Scottish chemist and physicist in his laboratory, c1890. In 1872 Dewar (1842-1923) invented the vacuum flask, one of which hs is shown holding

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