Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 10)

John Brown, Scottish physician, 1791. Artist: John Kay
John Brown, Scottish physician, 1791. Brown (1735-1788) proposed the Brunonian system of medicine which had two classes of disease; sthenic (resulting from excess)

Blast furnaces for production of iron at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, c1830. Artist: HW Bond
Blast furnaces for production of iron at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, c1830. This scene is on the river Severn a few miles from Ironbridge

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni, German physicist, c1895. Chladni (1756-1827) was a pioneer of acoustics who developed the technique where sand vibrated on a metal plate forms regular symmetrical

Joseph Black visiting James Watt in his Glasgow workshop, c1760 (c1879). Artists impression of Joseph Black (1729-1799), Scottish chemist, visiting James Watt (1736-1819)

Humphry Davy, British chemist, 19th century. Born in Penzance, Cornwall, Davy (1778-1829) discovered the anaesthetic effects of laughing gas (nitrous oxide)

Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, French astronomer and mathematician, in Finland, 1736, (1874). In 1736 Maupertuis (1698-1759)

John Dalton, British chemist, 19th century. Artist: CH Jeens
John Dalton, British chemist, 19th century. Dalton (1766-1844) was born near Cockermouth, Cumbria. In 1794 he described colour blindness (Daltonism) from which both he and his brother suffered

Thomas Pennant, 18th century British naturalist and traveller, c1840. Pennant (1726-1798) is sitting by a tree holding a book representing his British Zoology published in 1766

Heinrich Khunrath, German chemist and alchemist, 1725
Heinrich Khunrath (c1560-1605) German chemist and alchemist, 1725. Khunrath (c1560-1605) was born in Leipzig. From Icones Virorum... by Friedrich Roth-Scholtz. (Nuremberg, 1725)

John Leslie (1766-1832), Scottish natural philosopher and physicist, lecturing, 19th century
John Leslie, Scottish natural philosopher and physicist, lecturing, 19th century. Leslie (1766-1832) was appointed Professor of Mathematics at Edinburgh in 1805 and of Natural Philosophy in 1819

Galileo observing the swaying of the chandelier in Pisa Cathedral, c1584 (1870). Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Mechanical advantage: The power of the lever, 1877. Lever of the second kind where effort is between the fulcrum and load. Resistance, A, is between power, B, and fulcrum, C

Harvey demonstrating circulation of the blood to the College of Physicians, c1628 (1870). William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician, published his famous De motu cordis

French physicist Denis Papins, steamboat being wrecked, 1707 (1870)
French physicist Denis Papin s, steamboat being wrecked, 1707 (1870). The boatmen on the river Weser saw the boat powered by Papins (1647-1712)

Galileo demonstrating his telescope, Venice, 1609 (1870). In this artists reconstruction Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Denis Papin, French physicist, 1870. In 1675, Papin (1647-1712) went to London where he worked with Robert Boyle and invented the forerunner to the pressure cooker, the steam digester

Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh naturalist, c1895. Wallace (1823-1913) formulated a theory of evolution independently of Charles Darwin

Microscopes and microscopical objects, 1750. I: Wilsons pocket microscope. II: Scroll microscope. III: Tripod microscope - improved form of Marshalls double microscope

Making beaver hats, 1750. Although called beaver, little or no beaver fur was used. According to quality, nap on felt fabric was made of mixtures of beaver, musquash or rabbit fur, and cotton wool

Horse hauling a barge on the Regents Canal at Park Village East, London, 1829. Artist: W Radcliff
Horse hauling a barge on the Regents Canal at Park Village East, London, 1829. The Regents Canal, connecting the Paddington Canal and the Thames at Limehouse, was opened in 1820

Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire, from above the bridge, c1795. Artist: Samuel Ireland
Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire, from above the bridge, c1795. On the left, where many masts are shown, is the entrance to the Staffordshire and Worcester Canal

Glazier and wallpaper hanger working in a house, 1867. From Alphabet des Arts et Metiers. (Paris, 1867)

London & South Western Railway (LSWR) Locomotive No 5, Ganymede and tender, c1873. This 2-4-0 steam locomotive was built in the LSWRs workshops at Nine Elms, South London, in 1873

Ffestiniog Railway steam Locomotive No 8 James Spooner, 1872. This 0-4-4-0 Fairlie Patent locomotive was built by the Avonside Engine Company Ltd, Bristol, England

North Staffordshire 0-6-0 steam locomotive with driver and fireman on the footplate, 19th century. The North Staffordshire Railway opened in 1845

North Staffordshire Railway steam Locomotive No 14 and its tender c1875. This 2-4-0 locomotive, pictured with driver and fireman on the footplate

Bustards, 1835. Top: male Little Bustard. Bottom: Great Bustard (Otis tardis). The Great Bustard became extinct in Britain in about 1830 as its habitat disappeared

French soldiers using film of a cavalry charge for rifle practice, 1912. From Le Petit Journal. (Paris, 30 June 1912)

Milking parlour equipped with Thistle suction and pulsation milking machine, 1899. Devised by Dr Alexander Shields of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1895

The amateur chemists laboratory bench, 1860. Artist: M & N Hanhart
The amateur chemists laboratory bench, 1860. The largest item on the bench is a Liebig condenser, a piece of apparatus devised by the German chemist Justus von Liebig (1803-1873)

The Royal Greenwich Observatory, Flamsteed House, Greenwich Park, London, c1820. The observatory was built by Christopher Wren (1632-1723)

Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, England, 1834. Founded in 1772, the observatory is named after the physician John Radcliffe (1652-1714)

Artists impression of deep sea scene with luminous fishes, 1903. Some of the creatures shown here were brought up in the dredges during the French oceanographical expeditions of the Travailleur

Dudgrove double lock above Lechlade, Thames and Severn Canal, 1814. Artist: William Bernard Cooke
Dudgrove double lock above Lechlade, Thames and Severn Canal, 1814. Dudgrove, about 3/4 mile from the Thames, was the second pound lock on the canal from where it connected with the river

Electric discharges in rarefied gases, 1892. 2, 3, 5 and 6: Geissler tubes. 1: fluorescence of sulphuret of calcium. 4: nitrogen vacuum (spirals of uranium glass). 7: hydrogen

Planchette or Ouija board, 1885
Planchette or Ouija board, c1880. Method of using the Planchette for spirit writing during a seance. From The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics, edited by Edward H Knight. (New York and London, c1880)

Facade of Lime Street Station, Liverpool, 1838. This was one of the stations on the worlds first passenger railway, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which opened on 15 September 1830

Dispatch vessel HMS Iris, c1880. Launched in 1877, this was the first steel ship built for the British Admiralty. She was constructed of steel made by the Siemens-Martin process at Landore Siemens

Frontispiece of A New System of Mathematicks by Jonas Moore, 1681. This book, intended for the mathematical school at Christs Hospital

Geocentric or Earth-centred system of the universe, 1528. At the centre is the world showing Aristotles (384-323 BC) four elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water, surrounded by the spheres of the Sun

Person-to person blood transfusion, 1833. In Reads method depicted here, blood from the donor is passed through a pumped and forced into recipients arm via a canula

Trade card for Sunlight soap, c1900. Why does a woman look old sooner than a man? The answer is that she is not using Sunlight soap to make her household labours easier

Total solar eclipse of 1860 observed from Tarragona, Spain, 1884. From Sun, Moon and Stars by Agnes Giberne. (London, 1884)

Forth Railway Bridge from the south-east, Scotland, c1895. This bridge, built for the North British Railway Company, was begun in 1882 and opened on 4 March 1890

Mock Sun with sunbows and halo, observed from the Arctic Circle, 1873. This phenomenon is caused by atmospheric refraction. From The Atmosphere by Camille Flammarion. (London, 1873)

Parhelia (mock suns) without haloes, observed in England in 1698, (1845). On this occasion the phenomenon, caused by atmospheric refraction, began at 8am when true Sun shone through watery cloud

Parhelia (mock suns) combined with a halo and rainbow, 1721 (1845). This phenomenon, caused by atmospheric refraction, was observed in England in 1721

Water vole (Arvicola terrestris), also known as the black water rat, 1828. This animal is the Ratty of Kenneth Grahames childrens classic The Wind in the Willows

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