Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 11)

Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights, curtain form 1839. [1872]. Artist: Rapine
Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights, curtain form, 1839 (1872). Observed at Bossekop, Norway, 19 January 1839. Aurorae are caused by the interaction of the particles in the solar wind with the Earths

Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights observed from northern Norway, 10 October 1868, (1906). Aurorae are caused by the interaction of the particles in the solar wind with the Earths magnetic field

Brown rat (Rattus rattus), 1828. Probably originating in central Asia, the brown rats distribution is now worldwide, having been transported in European ships

Common or red fox (Vulpes vulpes), 1828. A dog fox. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series. (Edinburgh, 1828)

Common dormouse (Muscardinus arvellanarius), hibernating rodent, 1828. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series

Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), tree-living rodent native to Europe and Asia, 1828. In Britain its range and numbers have diminished of the past 50 years because of competition from the grey

The Hare (Lepus europaeus), 1828. A rodent which lives above ground, unlike its burrowing cousin the rabbit. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray

Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 1828. A rodent introduced to Britain by the Normans in the 11th century as a protein source, it has become an agricultural pest

Harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) of the Old World, 1828. At 6 to 7 1/2 cm it is one of the smallest rodents. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray

Common or Eurasian badger (Meles meles), 1828. A mammal with the popular English name of Brock. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray

Polecat (Mustela putorius), member of the weasel family, 1828. Its reputation for the strong smell from anal gland secretions is hinted at in its Latin name

Stoat (Mustela erminea), member of the weasel family, 1828. A native of Asia, North America and Europe. In the colder parts of its range the animals have a white winter coat with black tail tip

Weasel (Putorius nivalis / Mustela vulgaris), the smallest European carnivore, 1828
Weasel (Putorius nivalis/Mustela vulgaris), the smallest European carnivore, 1828. Often confused with its larger relative the stoat (Mustela erminea)

European wild cat (Felis silvestris), 1828. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series. (Edinburgh, 1828)

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), Eurasian species of deer, 1828. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series. (Edinburgh, 1828)

Hedgehog (Erinaceus europeas), 1828. The common spiny hedgehog, an insectivorous mammal of the Old World. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray

Natterers bat (Myotis nattereri), 1828. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series. (Edinburgh, 1828)

Long-eared bat (Plectorus auritus), 1828. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series. (Edinburgh, 1828)

Pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), 1828. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray, one of the volumes in William Jardines Naturalists Library series. (Edinburgh, 1828)

The common cole (Talpa europea), 1828
The Common Mole (Talpa europea), 1828. A small burrowing mammal with a distribution from Britain to Japan. From British Quadrupeds by William MacGillivray

Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz, German organic chemist, c1885. In 1865, Kekule (1829-1896) published his theory of the structure of the benzene ring as a ring of six carbon atoms attached by

Samuel Hahnemann, German physician, 1860
Samuel Hahnemann, German physician. Hahnemann (1755-1843) founded the branch of medicine known as homeopathy in c1798. Engraving after a commemorative medal

Lord Rosses 72 in / 1. 8m reflecting telescope, 1849
Lord Rosses 72 in/1.8m reflecting telescope, 1849. William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse (1800-1867), Irish astronomer and engineer

Franklins kite experiment, c1752, (1869). Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) American scientist, statesman, diplomat, author, printer and publisher

Elisha Gray, American inventor, presenting the caveat for his telephone, 1876, (c1890). Gray (1835-1901) arrived at the US Patent Office at 4pm on 14 February 1876

Jean le Rond d Alembert, 18th century French philosopher and mathematician, 1834. D Alembert (1717-1783) collaborated with Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

Jean le Rond d Alembert, French philosopher and mathematician, late 18th century. Artist: Louis Jacques Cathelin
Jean le Rond d Alembert, French philosopher, mathematician and encyclopedist, late 18th century. D Alembert (1717-1783) collaborated with Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

Illustration of Hookes Law on elasticity of materials, showing stretching of a spring, 1678. Robert Hooke (1635-1703), English scientist and inventor, formulated his law in 1676

Universal joint invented by Robert Hooke, 1676. Hooke (1635-1703) devised this joint to allow directional movement of astronomical instruments. From A Description of Helioscopes by Robert Hooke

August Wilhelm Hofmann, German organic chemist, 1854-1860. Through his work on coal-tar derivatives, Hofmann (1818-1892) in 1858 obtained aniline dye magenta or fuschine

Johannes Hevelius, German astronomer, 1673. Known now by the latinized form of his name - Jan Hewel or Hewelcke - Hevelius (1611-1687)

Luigi Galvani, 18th century Italian physiologist, 1880
Luigi Galvani, 18th century Italian physiologist, [1880]. Galvani (1737-1798) discovered animal electricity (voltaic or galvanic electricity)

Keplers explanation of the structure of the planetary system, 1619. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) used the five regular polyhedra between the spheres of the planets in the diagram of his explanation

John Frederick William Herschel, English scientist and astronomer, c1870. The son of Sir William Herschel, who discovered the planet Uranus

Otto von Guericke, German inventor, engineer and physicist, 1672. Portrait from his Eperimenta Nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica, de vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburgian Experiments, as they are called)

Albrecht von Haller, 18th century Swiss physician and scientist, c1840
Albrecht von Haller, 18th century Swiss physician and scientist, [c1840]. Von Haller (1708-1777) worked in the field of experimental physiology and was the founder of the science of neurology

Title page of Experimenta Nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica, de vacuo Spatio, (Amsterdam, 1672). New Magdeburgian Experiments, as they are called, relating to a Vacuum) by Otto von Guericke (1606-1686)

Albrecht von Haller, Swiss physician and scientist, c1770 (c1780). Von Haller (1708-1777) worked in the field of experimental physiology and was the founder of the science of neurology

Franz Joseph Gall, German physician and founder of Phrenology, c1790
Franz Joseph Gall, German physician and founder of Phrenology, c1820. Phrenology was a theory, propounded by Gall (1758-1828) in around 1800

Joseph Lister, English surgeon and pioneer of antiseptic surgery, c1867. Lister (1827-1912) pioneered the use of antiseptics in surgery

Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician who invented the stethoscope, 1889
Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician who invented the stethoscope, [1889]. Laennec (1781-1826) is shown listening to a patients chest at the Necker Hospital, Paris

Joseph Lister, English surgeon, on his ward round in Glasgow Royal Infirmary, c1867 (1927). A pioneer of antiseptic surgery

Galileos drawing of lunar craters, 1611, (c1655). Galileo Galilei (1554-1642), Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist made the first effective working telescope in 1609

Matthew Fontaine Maury, American naval officer, hydrographer and oceanographer, 1896. Maury (1806-1873) was the founder of the US Naval Oceanographic Office

Nevil Maskelyne, English astronomer, 1804. Maskelyne (1732-1811) was Astronomer Royal from 1765-1811. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1758

Samuel Finley Breese Morse, American artist and inventor, 1873. Morse (1791-1872) was the inventor of the first functional electric telegraph (1835) and, with Alexander Bain (1810-1977)

Roderick Impey Murchison, Scottish-born British geologist, c1860. Murchison (1792-1871) investigated old rocks beneath the red sandstone

Georg Simon Ohm, 19th century German physicist, 1906. Ohm (1787-1854) discovered the law governing the relationships between voltage resistance and electric currents

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