Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 9)

Diesel engine: internal combustion engine invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1897 (c1910). In 1892, Diesel (1858-1913) patented a design for a new type of internal combustion engine

Portable threshing machine, c1910. Machines of this type were used in rickyards or fields, and powered by a portable steam engine

Cashew nut - Anacardium occidentale, c1798. Branch of a tree showing flowers, apples and nuts. The apples can be used for preserves, and the kernels eaten

Idea for a video-phone using neon tubes to give the picture display, c1927. Illustration of a system proposed by Herbert Eugene Ives (1883-1952), American physicist and inventor

Abel Pifres solar-powered printing press, c1894 ([c1927). This used Augustin Mouchots solar engine in which a mirror focused the Suns rays onto a small boiler (patented in 1861)

Sending a semaphore signal using flags, c1880. Artist: Geoffrey Douglas Giles
Sending a semaphore signal using flags, c1880. Members of the Middlesex (Victoria Rifles) Volunteers, 4th Volunteer Battalion Kings Royal Rifle Corps, signalling

The Progress of Steam. A View in Regents Park, 1831, 1828. Steam-powered coaches, horses, tricycles, including one with body like a teapot

Royal Menagerie, Exeter Change, Strand, London, c1820. Edward Cross kept his menagerie here until Exeter Change was demolished in 1829 and he moved it to the Surrey Gardens, Walworth c1830

Demonstration or Cause & Effect, 1817

Mr O Brien, the Irish Giant, the Tallest Man in the Known World, 1803. Artist: John Kay
Mr O Brien, the Irish Giant, the Tallest Man in the Known World, 1803. Patrick O Brien (c1765-1804), the Irish giant, being measured for a suit by an Edinburgh tailor

Girls Playground and Waterfall at Bournville, 1892. Bournville was the ideal village built near Birmingham for their employees by the chocolate manufacturers Cadburys

A Quiet Corner at Bournville, 1892. Young women reading in the communal gardens of the ideal village built near Birmingham for their employees by the chocolate manufacturers Cadburys

Whitby harbour, Yorkshire, at the mouth of the river Esk, c1833. The old drawbridge, separating the upper and lower harbours, which was raised to let sailing vessels pass

Pound lock, 1664. The vessel has entered the pound from the lower level on the left, the gate has been closed behind it and water is being allowed to flow through the gate on the right

Von Guerickes demonstration of the power of air pressure, 1672. A platform was suspended from the bottom of an evacuated sphere made up of two copper hemispheres

Von Guerickes demonstration of the strength of a vacuum, 1654 (1672). The man on the right is using an air pump to create the vacuum

Experiment designed to show that air has weight, 1672. From Experimenta Nova ut vocantur Magdeburgica De Vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburg Experiments About the Vacuum by Otto von Guericke)

Crystallization of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods

Checking the quality of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods

Laboratory for refining gold and silver, showing typical laboratory equipment, 1683. 1) Athanor or Slow Harry, a self-feeding furnace maintaining a constant temperature

Production of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Nitre beds, heaps of manure mixed with chalky earth. These were watered with urine and manure water

Distillation of Nitric Acid, 1683. Also known as Aqua Fortis or Parting Acid, nitric acid was widely used in the refining and assaying of metals

Athanor or Slow Harry, a self-feeding furnace maintaining a constant temperature, 1683. Centre: 1) Athanor or Slow Harry ; 2) side chambers containing reagents; 3) glass receivers

Furnace for processes where protracted heat required, such as cementation, 1580
Furnace for processes where protracted heat required, such as cementation, 1683. This furnace is gravity-fed and self-stoking

Washing ore to extract gold, 1683. Water is fed into a sieve containing crushed ore. The solution containing ore in suspension is fed along collecting pans, often lined with dark woollen cloth

Double inclined plane for moving tub boats from one level to another on a canal, 1796. Boats were lowered on rails and counterbalanced by a tub containing water

Inclined planes for use on canals, 1796. Top: double inclined plane. Middle: upper works of a single inclined plane. Bottom: upper works of a medium inclined plane powered by a water wheel

Inclined plane powered by water wheel in used on a canal, 1796
Inclined plane powered by water wheel in use on a canal, 1796. The inclined plane was used to transfer vessels, in this case tub boats

Christian Friedrich Schonbein, German chemist, c1898. Schonbein (1799-1869) began his investigation of ozone in 1839. He worked on nitrocellulose and produced gunoctton for use in firearms in 1846

John Ross, British polar explorer and naval officer, 19th century. In 1818 Ross (1800-1862) led an expedition to search for the Northwest Passage

Alfred Moritz Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, British industrialist, c1926
Alfred Moritz Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, British industrialist and politician, c1926. The son of Ludwig Mond, Lord Melchett (1868-1930) became the first Chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI)

Robert Andrews Millikan, American physicist, 20th century. Millikan (1868-1953) was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for his determination of the charge of the electron

Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist, c1830. Artist: William Home Lizars
Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist, c1830. Humboldts (1769-1859) interests included geophysics, geology and botany and he is sometimes called the founder of ecology

Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist, c1895. Fraunhofer (1787-1826) founded an optical institute at Munich in 1807. His improvements to prisms

Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist, 1870. Fizeau (1819-1896) measured the velocity of light on the Earths surface (1849). He used Dopplers principle to determine the velocity of stars in line of

Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist, 19th century. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte du Buffon, French naturalist, 1761. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC

William Henry Bragg, English physicist, early 20th century
William Henry Bragg, English physicist, 20th century. The founder of X-ray crystallography, Bragg (1862-1942) is shown here using an X-ray spectrometer

James Brindley, English civil engineer and canal builder, c1770 (1835). Brindley (1716-1772) rests a hand on a theodolite and points to the aqueduct over the Irwell on the Worsley to Manchester

David Brewster, Scottish physicist, 1868. Brewster (1781-1868) was editor of the Edinburgh Magazine, 1802 and the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1808. His scientific work was mainly in the field of optics

Jean and Jacques Bernoulli working on geometrical problems, 18th century, (1874). Jacques (Jakob) Bernoulli (1654-1705) and his brother Jean (Johann) Bernoulli (1667-1748)

Pierre Belon, French naturalist, 1553 (1762). Belon (1517-1564), aged 36. Financed by the Cardinal of Tournon, Belon undertook extensive travels through Greece, Asia Minor, Arabia

The Iron Horse Past and Present, c1900. The development of the railway locomotive from George Stephensons Rocket of 1829, through North Star which worked on the Great Western Railway 1836-1870

Half-title of De Motu Animalum by Giovanni Borelli, 1710. Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679), Italian physiologist and physician, first published this book in 1680-1686

Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Artist: Simon Charles Miger
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Print celebrating the first ascent in a hydrogen-balloon, made by Charles (1746-1823) from the Tuileries, Paris, on 1 December 1783

Titus Salt, British woolstapler and industrialist, c1880. Salt (1803-1876) discovered a method of blending alpaca wool with cotton and silk

Thomas Mudge, English horologist, 1795. Artist: Baker
Thomas Mudge, English horologist, 1795. Born at Exeter, Devon, Mudge (1717-1794) was apprenticed to the eminent clockmaker George Graham (1742?-1751)

John Radcliffe, English physician, 1747. Artist: Pierre Fourdrinier
John Radcliffe, English physician, 1747. Born at Wakefield, Yorkshire, Radcliffe (1650-1714) was Royal Physician to William III, Mary II and Queen Anne

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