Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 5)

The Musicians, c1595. Artist: Michelangelo Caravaggio
The Musicians, c1595. One of a number of realistic paintings of half-length figures painted in Rome for aristocratic patrons

Battle of Rivoli, 14 January, 1797, (19th century). The battle occurred as Austrias General Alvintzy made his fourth and final attempt to relieve the siege of Mantua

Napoleon at the Siege of Toulon, 1793, (c1835). Artist: Francois Georgin
Napoleon at the Siege of Toulon, 1793, (c1835). In August the fervently anti-revolutionary port of Toulon was occupied by the Bourbons and a British, Spanish and pro-Bourbon military force

The Infernal Machine, 24 December 1800, (19th century?). The most serious - and very nearly successful - attempt on Napoleon Bonapartes (1769-1821)

Dutch-Belgian troops at the Battle of Waterloo, 1815, (late 19th century). The Dutch-Belgians under Bylandt were ordered to withdraw during the Battle which led to Napoleons (1769-1821) defeat

Napoleon at the Battle of Jena, 14 October 1806, (19th century). The Battle of Jena in Germany began with the chance evening meeting of Marshal Lannes corps with a Prussian force of 35

The return of Napoleon from the Isle of Elba, 26 February 1815, (c1835) Artist: Francois Georgin
The return of Napoleon from the Isle of Elba, 26 February 1815, (c1835). Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was exiled by the Allied governments to Elba following his abdication at Fontainebleau

Mars and Venus, late 16th-early 17th century. Artist: Joachim Anthonisz Wtewael
Mars and Venus, late 16th-early 17th century. In the Roman pantheon Mars was the god of War, and Venus the goddess of beauty and love. Her husband, Vulcan, was god of fire and metal working

Dog-headed men, late 13th century, (early 15th century). Artist: Master of Boucicaut
Dog-headed men, late 13th century, (early 15th century). Mythical dog-headed men from the Isle of Agaman, Gulf of Bengal. Marco Polo (1254-1324) Venetian traveller and merchant

Kublai Khan paying for purchases, c1280s, (early 15th century). Artist: Master of Boucicaut
Kublai Khan paying for purchases, c1260s, (early 15th century). Marco Polo (1254-1324) Venetian traveller and merchant, left Venice with his father and uncle in 1271

The King of Kashmir dispenses justice, late 13th century, (early 15th century). Artist: Master of Boucicaut
The King of Kashmir dispenses justice, late 13th century, (early 15th century). Marco Polo (1254-1324) Venetian traveller and merchant, left Venice with his father and uncle in 1271

Kublai Khan gives the Polos their passport, c1280s, (early 15th century). Artist: Master of Boucicaut
Kublai Khan gives the Polos their passport, c1265-1269, (early 15th century). Marco Polo (1254-1324) Venetian traveller and merchant, left Venice with his father and uncle in 1271

Siege of a town led by Godefroy de Bouillon, c1099, (14th century). Siege during the 1st Crusade (1095-099), showing Saracens firing arrows at Crusaders as they attempt to scale the walls with

Napoleon at the Battle of Rivoli, 14 January, 1797. The battle of Rivoli occurred as Austrias General Alvintzy (1735-1810) made his fourth and final attempt to relieve the siege of Mantua

Battle of Lutzen, 2 May 1813. With a Prusso-Russian army of some 100, 000 men moving on a small French force at Leipzig in Germany, Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) decided to intercept the enemy

Bacchus, c1597. Artist: Michelangelo Caravaggio
Bacchus, c1597. Bacchus, Roman god of wine (Dionysius in the Greek pantheon), seated as at a banquet, with a wreath of vine leaves, holding a drinking vessel. From the Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Artist working at an easel, 1828. Artist: JMW Turner
Artist working at an easel, 1828. From the Tate Gallery, London

The Sun of Venice Going to Sea, 1843. Artist: JMW Turner
The Sun of Venice Going to Sea, 1843. From the Tate Gallery, London

Henry Cavendish (1731-1810), philosopher and chemist, c1851
Henry Cavendish (1731-1810), English natural philosopher and chemist. Cavendish Physical Laboratory, Cambridge, is named after him. Lithograph, c1851

Jean Baptiste von Helmont, Belgian physician and chemist, 1870. Helmont (1579-1644) recognised that there are more gases than just air, and claimed to have coined the word gas

Ernst Boris Chain, German born British biochemist, c1945. Chain (1906-1979), with Howard Florey, purified penicillin. He shared the 1945 Nobel prize for physiology or medicine with Florey

James Rennell, British geographer, 1802. Rennell (1742-1839) was appointed the first surveyor-general of Bengal in 1764. He carried out a survey of Bengal 1765-1771. From The European Magazine

Luigi Palmieri, Italian geophysicist, 1893. Palmieri (1807-1896) was director of the Vesuvius Observatory which monitored the activity of the volcano. In 1855 he invented a seismograph

British Iron Companys Works at Corngraves, near Halesowen, West Midlands, c1835. Corngraves, or Corngreaves, lies 7 miles south-west of Birmingham and 5 miles south of Dudley

Peasant cottage interior, possibly Netherlands or northern France, 17th century. The husband, wearing wooden clogs, snoozes in the chimney corner by the fire on which cooking would be done

East View of Birmingham in Warwickshire, 1779. From The Modern Universal British Traveller. (London, 1779)

Longitudinal section of a typical British passenger steam locomotive, 1888. The firebox heated the boiler tubes, producing steam to drive the locomotive. From The Popular Encyclopaedia. (London, 1888)

Samuel Wilberforce, English churchman, 1870. Wilberforce (1805-1873) at the time of his appointment as Bishop of Winchester in 1869

Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist, 1872. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

William Herschels reflecting telescope of 40 ft (12 m) focal length, 1789 (1807). Built by the German-born English astronomer, William Herschel (1738-1822), in the grounds of his home in Slough

Westminster Bridge, London, looking from the south bank of the Thames, 1858. This is the bridge rebuilt by Thomas Page (1803-1877) beginning in 1853

Chelsea Bridge, London, 1858. Thomas Page (1803-1877) was the engineer of this suspension bridge over the Thames, which opened in 1858

John Hall Gladstone, English chemist, 1891. Artist: Spy
John Hall Gladstone, English chemist, 1891. Gladstone (1827-1902) became the first President of the Physical Society in 1874, and served as President of the Chemical Society from 1877-1879

John Lawson Johnston, Scottish-born businessman, 1897. Artist: Spy
John Lawson Johnston, Scottish-born businessman, 1897. In about 1863 Johnston (d1900) developed a beef extract, at first known as liquid beef but later named Bovril, a named derived of Bos

James Ludovic Lindsay, Earl Crawford and Balcarres, 1878. Artist: Spy
James Ludovic Lindsay, Earl Crawford and Balcarres, 1878. Lindsay (1847-1913), a Scottish nobleman who succeeded to his titles in 1880, was an astronomer, collector and bibliophile

Mr Frank Crisp, 1890. Artist: Spy
Mr Frank Crisp, 1890. Crisp (c1853-1919), an English Limited Liability Lawyer one of whose personal interests was microscopy, acted as Secretary of the Royal Microscopical Society

Colonel Vivian Dering Majendie, Chief Inspector of Explosives, 1892. Artist: Spy
Colonel Vivian Dering Majendie, Chief Inspector of Explosives, 1892. Majendie (1836-1898), British soldier, served with the Royal Artillery at Sebastopol during the Crimean War and at Lucknow

Erasmus Wilson, English surgeon and antiquary, 1880. Artist: Spy
Erasmus Wilson, English surgeon and antiquary, 1880. In medicine Wilson (1809-1884) specialised in skin diseases. His other interest was Egyptology, of which he was a generous patron

Thomas Stevenson, British forensic scientist, 1899. Artist: Wag
Thomas Stevenson, British forensic scientist, 1899. Stevenson (1838-1908) was a scientific analyst and toxicologist who acted as an expert witness, particularly in poisoning cases

The Last of the Coaches, c1840. The Royal Mail coach service, begun in the 1780s, flourished until the coming of the railways in 1830

Richard Anthony Proctor, English astronomer, mathematician and popular science writer, 1883. Artist: Spy
Richard Anthony Proctor, English astronomer, mathematician and popular science writer, 1883. Proctor (1837-1888) founded Knowledge, a science periodical, in 1881

Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). Artist: Herbert Bourne
Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish engineer, as a boy experimenting with the tea-kettle at the dining table of his childhood home at Greenock

Gardening, 1871. Artist: Oskar Pletsch
Gardening, 1871. In the foreground gardeners are pruning (left) and staking a potted plant (right). In the background a third man is adjusting the cover of a cold frame

Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) (centre), c1885. Used in traditional herbal medicine, foxgloves are the natural source of digitalin, a powerful cardiac stimulant

Poisonous plants, c1885. As well as the poisonous Black or Common Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) (top left), and Woody Nightshade or Bittersweet (Solanum dulcarama) (top right)

Metamorphoses of the Peacock butterfly, 1888. Artist: Thomas Brown
Metamorphoses of the Peacock butterfly, 1888. The Peacock (Inachis io), is a butterfly of the temperate regions of Europe and Asia

Series of observations of the planet Saturn, 1656. These observations made by Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), latinized name of the German astronomer Jan Hewel or Hewelcke

Long focal length refracting telescope, 1728. The lenses for this instrument were made by Francesco Campani, Italian lens maker of Bologna

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