Images Dated 29th July 2005 (page 46)

Atahualpa (d1553), last Inca emperor of Peru, 1686. Atahualpa was captured by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco Pizarro who, after extorting a huge ransom

Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor, Viscountess Astor (1879-1964), British politician, c1920s
Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor, Viscountess Astor (1879-1964), American-born British politician, c1920s. Elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Plymouth in 1919

Lord Asquith (1852-1928), Earl of Oxford, British Liberal Statesman, 1925-1928
Lord Asquith, Earl of Oxford, British Liberal Statesman, 1925-1928. Asquith served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1905 to 1908 and Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916

Herbert Henry Asquith (1852-1928), British Liberal statesman, 1904. Artist: Spy
Herbert Henry Asquith (1852-1928), British Liberal statesman, 1904. Asquith was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1905 to 1908 and Prime Minister between 1908 and 1916

The International Inventions Exhibition, Kensington, London, August 1885. A large crowd in front of fountains illuminated by electric light. The Royal Albert Hall is in the background

Students at l Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, 1887. First year students working in their private study time

Environmental pollution, 1895. Pollution caused by heavy chemical industry, with birds and fishes struggling to survive. In the late 19th century industrial pollution was a growing problem

Man Vitiates his Environment, early 20th century. A group of typical early 20th century blast furnaces with smoking chimneys causing atmospheric pollution

The New Stamp Duty, 1880. Artist: John Tenniel
The New Stamp Duty, 1880. Cartoon concerning the introduction by the Postmaster General, Henry Fawcett, of the Post Office Savings Bank penny stamp savings scheme. From Punch. (London, 1880)

A Foolish and a Betting Man and A Wise and a Better Man, 1852. Cartoon from Punch (London, 1852) on the folly and profligacy of smoking and betting contrasted with the wisdom and prudence of saving

Lace making, 1884. A small girl minding the spools to see that all runs smoothly on a machine winding cotton thread on bobbins for use in making Nottingham machine lace

General view of kitchen at Richie & McCalls Cannery, Houndsditch, London, 1852. From The Illustrated London News, 31 January 1852

Kitchen of a food cannery, c1870

Saturday Night. Scene of a warm and cosy cottage interior. The mother washes a child in a tub in front of the range, while father reads his newspaper

The Workmens Train, 1872. This picture shows steam trains at Gower Street station on the Metropolitan (underground) railway which opened in 1863. Workers hurry to catch their morning train to work

Laundresses strike, 1891. A strikers leader addressing a meeting in Hyde Park, London. Cartoon from Punch. (London, 27 June 1891)

Women operatives tending power looms in a Yorkshire woollen mill, 1883

Puddling furnace and mechanical hammer, Krupps Works, Essen, Germany, 19th century. Pig iron is being puddled to remove carbon and oxygen, after which the ball of hot metal (bloom) was then hammered

Mammons Rents, 1883. The housing conditions of a poor labouring family, partly caused by high rents. Landlords were making up to 50% on their investments in already condemned properties

Hat Maker. Manufacture of beaver hats by felting material in a kettle (background) and blocking (shaping) the hat and brushing the pile. Although called beaver, little or no beaver fur was used

Low rental workmens dwellings built by the Birkenhead Dock Co, c1844 (c1860). Elevation showing blocks of 3 houses of 4 floors, each divided into 2 dwellings with a living room

Potters workshop, c1860. A woman turns the wheel while a girl baller supplies the potter with lumps of clay of the correct weight for the next vessel to be thrown

Throwing an earthenware vessel, c1860. A belt-driven wheel of the type used at the Wedgwood and Copeland factories. The speed of the wheel is regulated by the boy raising or lowering a belt

Sugar refinery, Southampton, England, which opened in 1851. The boiler house (left foreground), engine house (centre left) and stove and retort house (centre and centre right)

Interior of a sugar refinery, 1860. Metal cones are being filled with liquid syrup which will crystallise to form sugar loaves

Battle of Loos, France, World War I, 1915. Scottish regiments charging and overwhelming German trenches. The Battle of Loos was a major British offensive on the Western Front

Railway steam locomotive designed in 1849 by English engineer Thomas Russell Crampton. Cramptons (1816-1888) design featured a low-pitched boiler

Passengers on a London to Glasgow train, 1884. Top: as it should be (comfortable and well-ordered). Bottom: as it is (crowded and smoky)

View of Leeds, Yorkshire, early 19th century. The economy of Leeds was based on the wool industry. The citys prosperity was greatly increased in the Industrial Revolution by the construction of

Siege of the Fortress of Faith. The Fortress of Faith besieged by unbelievers and heretics, defended by the Pope, bishops, monks, clerics and theologians

St James Palace and Park, London, showing formal planting of trees in avenues, 1750. Men and women take the air and saunter along the walks in conversation

Itinerant knife grinder sharpening a blade by turning a grindwheel with a treadle, c1867. The red can over the grindwheel contains lubricant. A brazier hangs on the handle of the cart

Merchant and his clerk at the dockside checking goods at a warehouse, 1823. From The Book of English Trades. (London, 1823)

Wool merchant taking pieces of cloth to the Cloth Hall at Leeds for sale, 1814. These lengths of cloth were made by homeworkers

Evening, c1880. An agricultural labourer returning from work to his family and his evening meal eagerly greeted by four children. The cottage door opens directly into the living room

Sunday Morning, c1880. An agricultural labourer and his family returning home from church

Steam-powered ice elevator, Hudson River near New York, USA, 1875. An elevator for raising blocks of ice from the river level into insulated storehouses where they would be stored for summer use

Ice stall in the market, Georgetown, Demerara, Guyana (British Guiana), 1888. Artist: Amedee Forestier
Ice stall in the market, Georgetown, Demerara, Guyana (British Guiana), 1888

Cutting ice on the St Lawrence river, Canada, using a steam-powered saw, 1894. In the background on the right are insulated sheds used to store the ice for use in the summer

Ice gathering on the Hudson River near New York, USA, 1875. Horse-drawn cutters used to cut blocks of ice. In the background are insulated warehouses for storing ice for summer use

Storing ice in insulated sheds at Charless Ice Store, Chelsea, London, 1861. In cold weather the London poor collected ice for which they were paid between 12p and 70p per cart of 2 hundredweight

London ice carts, 1850. In cold weather the London poor collected ice for which they were paid between 12p and 70p per cart of 2 hundredweight, depending on the severity of the weather

Farmers discussing Dishley (New Leicester) sheep, 1822. This breed of sheep arose as a result of a selective breeding programme carried out by Robert Bakewell (1725-1795) on his farm at Dishley

New Leicester (Dishley) ram, 1842. This breed of sheep arose as a result of a selective breeding programme carried out by Robert Bakewell (1725-1795) on his farm at Dishley, Leicestershire

Longhorn cattle owned by Sir John Harpur-Crewe, Calke Abbey, 1885. Robert Bakewell (1725-1795) of Dishley, Leicestershire, improved this dual-purpose dairy and beef breed of cattle

Lowkers - women who weeded corn, 1814. Artist: George Walker of Seacroft
Lowkers - women who weeded corn, 1814. From The Costume of Yorkshire by George Walker. (Leeds, 1814)

Meeting of the Agricultural Society, London, 1808-1810. Artist: Augustus Charles Pugin
Meeting of the Agricultural Society, London, 1808-1810. Great improvements in agricultural practice and machinery were made in the late 18th and early 19th centuries

Merchantmen and other shipping in the English Channel, 19th century. Artist: George Chambers
Merchantmen and other shipping in the English Channel, 19th century. Painting by George Chambers (1803-1840), arguably the foremost painter of maritime subjects of the 19th century

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