Oxford Science Archive Collection (page 9)

Don John of Austria, 16th century Spanish soldier, 17th century. Don John (1545-1578) was the illegitimate son of the Emperor Charles V, and half-brother of Philip II of Spain

Amy Johnson, British aviator, about to set out for Cape Town, 1932. Johnson (1903-1941) saying goodbye to her husband, fellow pilot James Mollison, before starting off

Paul Jablochkoff, Russian telegraph engineer, 1883. In 1867 Jablochkoff (1847-1914) invented the Jablochkoff candle, a carbon arc lamp. From Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science by Louis Figuier

Jules Pierre Cesar Janssen, French astronomer, 1893. Janssen (1824-1907) at the eyepiece of his reflecting telescope at Meudon Observatory, France

Robert Jameson, Scottish mineralogist, 1833. Jameson (1774-1854) was Regis professor of natural history at Edinburgh from 1804-1854

Dr John Jeffries, American balloonist, 1786. Jeffries (1744-1819) during a balloon ascent to investigate the atmospheric temperature

Isaac Judaeus, physician to the rulers of Tunisia, 9th-10th century (1493). Isaac Judaeus (c855-c955) was one of the first whose works were translated from Arabic to Latin

Edwin Ray Lankester, British zoologist, 1905. Artist: Spy
Edwin Ray Lankester, British zoologist, 1905. Lankester (1847-1929) established clear morphological distinctions in different orders of invertebrates, demonstrating that they had different origins

Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas, French organic chemist, 1873. Dumas (1800-1884) did important work on organic analysis and synthesis, and the determination of atomic weights

Henri Etienne St Claire Deville, 19th century French chemist, (c1955). In 1854 Deville (1818-1881) discovered the process for obtaining pure aluminium by reducing aluminium chloride with sodium

Joseph Jerome Lefrancais de Lalande, French astronomer, 19th century. Lalande (1732-1807) was professor of astronomy at the College de France for 46 years from 1760

Reverse of a medal commemorating the brilliant comet of November 1618. The message says that God sent us the starry comet as a warning to us to lead better lives

Obverse of a medal commemorating the brilliant comet of November 1618. This comet prompted many pamphlets, including Galileo Galileis (1564-1642) polemical masterpiece Il Saggiatore (The Assayer)

Reverse of a medal commemorating the bright comet of 1577
Reverse ofa medal commemorating the bright comet of 1577. Known as Brahes comet, this is the comet which convinced the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

Obverse of a medal commemorating the bright comet of 1577. Known as Brahes comet, this is the comet which convinced the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

Medal commemorating the discovery of smallpox vaccination in 1796 (1800)
Medal commemorating the discovery of smallpox vaccination in 1796, (1800). Children dancing round a garlanded cow. Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

Typical enlarged spleen of a Malaria patient, c1890. Malaria is caused a parasitic protozoa transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito

Painting a wound with an antiseptic solution, c1890. From Les Grands Maux et les Grands Remedes (The Principal Illnesses and Their Remedies) by Jules Rengade. (Paris, c1890)

Using a laryngoscope to aid the removal of a polyp from the throat, c1890. A small mirror on a long metal handle was invented in 1854 by a Spanish singing teacher Manuel Garcia (1805-1906)

Electric overhead monorail at Barmen-Elberfeld (now Wuppertal), Germany, 1901. This, the worlds first and oldest still operating

Potato peeler, 1899. A machine for washing, peeling and removing eyes and sprouts from potatoes. Les Inventions Illustrees. (Paris, May 1899)

Villa Tournesol, 1899. A revolving clinic designed to take full advantage of the heat and light of the sun for therapeutic purposes

Women washing the precious metal platinum from alluvial gravels, Urals, Russia, 1916

The Wear above Sunderland Iron Bridge, c1829. Artist: R Francis
The Wear above Sunderland Iron Bridge, c1829. The Wear was an important waterway for exporting the coal and chemical and industrial products of the area

Cameramen under fire while filming in the First Balkan War, 1912. By 1912 cinemas were showing newsreels and war reporters were being accompanied by camera teams

Killing Birds of Paradise, New Guinea, 1908. The European hunter has a gun, while the native is proving himself proficient with his bow and arrow

Mendelian inheritance of colour of flower in the culinary pea, 1912. Pink-flowered race (left), white-flowered race (right), and a cross between the two (centre)

Firing a cannon into clouds to prevent a hail storm, 1901. It was claimed that rain fell instead of the anticipated hail which would have damaged the grape vines in the wine producing area of

Boring wooden pipes, and casting and drawing iron pipes, c1825. At top is a machine for boring wooden pipes. The rest of the machines are for casting a drawing out iron pipes

Various pumps for raising water, 1816. Including a triple pump (top right) and a man-powered balance pump (bottom right). From Encyclopaedia Londinensis. (London, 1816)

Various pumps for draining ships, 1816. Including: 82: chain pump; 84: suction pump; 85: force pump. From Encyclopaedia Londinensis. (London, 1816)

Seamen hauling a clinker-built dinghy up onto the shore, 1821. In this type of construction the planks of the vessel overlap the plank below and are fastened with clinched

Glass cutter decorating table ware on a carborundum wheel, 1867. He turns the wheel by working a treadle with his foot. From Alphabet des Arts et Metiers. (Paris, 1867)

Ironing room in a laundry, 1867. The washroom can be seen through the door in the background. On the left is the stove for heating flatirons

Public weighbridge used to weigh cattle in a market, 1867. Animals are placed on the weighing platform and an attendant in the kiosk weighs them using a weighing machine based on the principle of

Cretin aged 15, c1890.Cretinism in infants and children is caused by a defective thyroid gland and failure to produce the hormone thyroxine. Sufferers are mentally and physically retarded

Solar motor by Aubrey Eneas of Boston, c1905 (c1910). Demonstrated at Edwin Cawstons ostrich farm Pasadena, California. A reflector 33 feet (10.05 metres)

Flight of locks on the Saima Canal, Finland, c1900. A ship is descending the flight. On the left is a typical boatman. This canal, completed in 1856, linked Saima Lake to the Gulf of Finland

Bird Catching from Above, Shetland Islands, 1813. Catchers were lowered down on a rope. Birds and eggs were a great economic resource for the Shetland Islanders

Bird Catching from Below, Shetland Islands, 1813. Catchers were helped up the cliffs by colleagues in rowing boats. Birds and eggs were a great economic resource for the Shetland Islanders

Bell telephone, 1882. Artist: Alexander Graham Bell
Bell telephone, 1882. Scottish-born American inventor Bell (1847-1922) filed the patent for his telephone at the United States Patent Office at 3pm on 14 February 1876

Making Edison light bulbs, 1880. Vacuum apparatus used to exhaust Edison incandescent light bulbs at G (centre top). From Scientific American. (New York, 1880)

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, at work in his laboratory, mid 19th century (c1885). Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural

Title page of Dialogo, by Galileo, 1632. Title page of Dialogo, (Dialogue on the two chief world systems) was published in Florence in 1632

Using a quadrant with a plumb bob to calculate the height of a tower by triangulation, 1551. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

The solar spectrum, 1814. Joseph von Fraunhofers (1787-1826) drawing of the lines of the solar spectrum, and above it a curve showing the intensity of sunlight in different parts of the spectrum

Insects, 1911. Artist: L Patriarche
Insects, 1911. Reverse of a plaquette commemorating French entomologist Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915), who wrote numerous books on the anatomy and behaviour of insects

Mining for rock salt, c1890. Miners being lowered down a shaft on rope slings to begin their shift in the salt mine at Wieliczka, Galicia, Poland

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