Oxford Science Archive Collection (page 8)

Pierre-Alexander Darracq, French automobile manufacturer, 1901. Artist: Emile Cohl
Pierre-Alexander Darracq, French automobile manufacturer, 1901. Darracq (1855-1931) was one of the first to plan the mass production of motor vehicles

Kingstown and Dalkey Atmospheric Railway, near Dublin, 1845. This was built on the Samuel Clegg Jnr (1814-1856) and Joseph Samuda (1813-1885) system, also used on the Croydon, the South Devon

Clegg and Samudas atmospheric railway, 1845. Designed by Samuel Clegg Jnr (1814-1856) and Joseph Samuda (1813-1885), this was the system adopted on the Croydon Atmospheric Railway

St Austell, 1860. A scene on the Cornwall Railway, later part of the Great Western Railway (GWR) at St Austell, showing one of Isambard Kingdom Brunels (1806-1859) timber viaducts

Hayle St Ives in the distance, c1860. Scene on the West Cornwall Railway, later part of the Great Western Railway (GWR). The boom time for the harbour

Truro, from Trennick Lane, 1860. The Cornwall Railway, later part of the Great Western Railway (GWR), at Truro, showing one of Isambard Kingdom Brunels (1806-1859) timber viaducts

Berkhamsted Station, Hertfordshire, on the London and Birmingham Railway, c1860. On top of the building on the left is a water tank for supplying locomotives while, on the right

Sectional view of lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1870. Also known as Oil of Vitriol or H2S04, sulphuric acid was one of the most important of industrial chemicals

Sectional view of Gay-Lussacs lead chambers and absorption towers, 1870. These were for the large-scale production of sulphuric acid also (Oil of Vitriol or H2SO4)

Lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1874. Sectional view showing the process from beginning to end from the furnace (left) to the denitrating (or Glover) tower (right)

Platinum still for concentrating sulphuric acid (Oil of Vitriol or H2S04), 1844. The view shown here was at the Felling Chemical Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. From British Manufacturers by George Dodd

Production of sulphuric acid (Oil of Vitriol or H2S04), 1844. View of the passage between two lead chambers, Felling Chemical Works, Newcastle, England. From The Penny Magazine. (London 1844)

Distillation of Oil of Vitriol (sulphuric acid or H2S04), 1651. An iron retort with cover, detail at C, D, is placed in a furnace and connected to a receiver at A

Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, 1853. Artist: J Jenkins
Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, 1853. Paxton (1801-1865) was Superintendent of the Duke of Devonshires gardens at Chiswick and Chatsworth from 1826, and designer of the Crystal Palace

Torricellis demonstration of the effect of atmospheric pressure on a column of liquid, 1643 (1873)
Evangelista Torricellis demonstration of the effect of atmospheric pressure on a column of liquid, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647), Italian physicist and mathematician

Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873)
Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647)

Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor, 1880. Jacquard (1752-1834), inventor of the punched card loom being attacked by the silk weavers of Lyon who were afraid his invention would put them out of

Von Guerickes water barometer, 1672. Fig I: details of parts; Fig II: complete barometer; Fig III: apparatus for the investigation of the weight of air; Fig IV: details of indicator

Blaise Pascal, 17th century French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher, 1878. Pascal (1623-1662) carrying out experiments with a mercury barometer on the tower of St

Experimental barometers used by the Accademia dell Cimento, Florence, Italy, 1691. Closed tube with mercury (left) and double water barometer (right)

Cross section of a Newcomen-type steam engine attributed to Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, 1767. After training as an architect and working as a civil engineer

Newcomen-type steam engine attributed to Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, 1767. After training as an architect and working as a civil engineer

Frontispiece of Ontledigen en Ondekkigen... Brieven by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1686
Frontispiece of Ontledigen en Ondekkigen...Brieven by Dutch microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1686. Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Title page of Microscopium by Dutch microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1708. Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was one of the first to recognise cells in animals

Isaac Lea, American publisher, geologist and conchologist, 1896. Lea (1792-1886), whose field of scientific expertise was research into freshwater molluscs

William Lee, English inventor of the frame-knitting machine, 19th century. Born in Nottinghamshire, Lee (c1550-c1610) invented his knitting machine in 1589

John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Lawes (1814-1900) began experimental farming on his estate at Rothamstead, Hertfordshire

John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Lawes (1814-1900) began experimental farming on his estate at Rothamstead, Hertfordshire

John Law, Comptroller General of France, 1720 (1841). A Scottish economist, gambler, banker, murderer, royal advisor, exile, rake and adventurer

Johann Kaspar Lavater, Swiss physiognomist and theologian, early 19th century. Physiognomy is the art of reading psychological traits from physical characteristics

Dionysius Lardner, Irish-born scientific writer, 1835. Lardner (1793-1859) was Professor of natural philosophy and astronomy at London University (University College)

Pierre Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer, 18th century. Laplaces (1749-1827) five volume Mecanique celeste (1799-1825)

Alexander Gordon Laing, Scottish explorer of Western Africa, 1870. Laing (1793-1826) was the first European known to have reached the ancient city of Tombouctou (Timbuctoo)

Dorothea Klumpke Roberts, American mathematician and astronomer, 1903. Roberts (1861-1942) at work on the Carte du Ciel at the Paris Observatory

Sonia (Sophie) Kowalevski, Russian mathematician, 1888. Kowalevski (1850-1891) was appointed professor of mathematics at Stockholm in 1884

Professor Bergmann injecting a tuberculosis patient, 1891. Bergmann assisted Robert Koch (1843-1910) in investigations into the treatment of tuberculosis (TB)

Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen and Henry Roscoe, scientists, c1860. Left to right: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887), German physicist; Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen (1811-1899)

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1873. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1876. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Robert John Kane, Irish chemist, c1860. Kanes (1809-1890) name is remembered in Ireland for the book published in 1844 entitled The Industrial Resources of Ireland

Regular geometrical solids of various types, 1619. On centre right are the geometrical solids for the elements Earth, Air, Fire, Water and the fifth heavenly element

Antoine de Jussieu, 18th century French botanist, 1807. One of a family of distinguished botanists, Antoine de Jussieu (1686-1758) was director of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris

Antoine-Laurent Jussieu, French botanist, 1880. Born in Lyon, Jussieu (1748-1836), the nephew of the botanist Bernard de Jussieu, studied medicine, graduating in 1770

Bernard de Jussieu, 18th century French botanist, 1880. A member of the family of distinguished botanists, de Jussieu (1699-1777) was director of the gardens at the Trianon, Versailles

Edward Jenner, English physician, 1800. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox

Edward Jenner, English physician, 1837. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox

William Jessop, British civil engineer, c1860. Jessop (1745-1814) is particularly well known for his work on canals, harbours and early railways in the late 18th and early 19th centuries

Don John of Austria, 16th century Spanish soldier, 17th century. Don John (1545-1578) was the illegitimate son of the Emperor Charles V, and half-brother of Philip II of Spain

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