Innovation Collection (page 12)

Leon Serpollet in his Gardner-Serpollet steam car, Nice, 1903. Serpollet set a world land speed record in 1902, driving along the promenade at Nice at 75.06 kmh in a steam-powered car

Machinery Hall, Crystal Palace Exhibition, London, 1851. Conceived by Prince Albert, the Great Exhibition was intended to showcase the Works of the Industry of all Nations

French trench periscope rifle, 1915. A print from Le Pays de France, 23 September 1915

Sectional view of a telegraph tower for Claude Chappes semaphore, 1792, (c1870). Chappes (1763-1805) system was in use in France and French colonies until about 1850

Fire in London, 1808. Artist: Thomas Rowlandson
Fire in London, 1808. Albion Mills, on the south side of Blackfriars Bridge, London, burning, on 3 March 1791, after the mills were set alight by arsonists

Advertisement for Kodak Brownie box cameras, 1900. From 1888 the Kodak box camera took Eastmans coated paper roll film. From The Illustrated London News. (London, 4 August 1900)

Advertisement for Kodak cameras, 1890. From 1888 Kodak cameras took Eastmans coated paper roll film. From The Illustrated London News. (London, 20 September 1890)

Henry Bells steam boat Comet of 1811, (1856). The Comet, 40ft long (12.19m), powered by a 3hp Boulton & Watt engine, was the first successful steam boat in Europe

Steam ploughing tackle, c1860. Portable steam engine by Garrett & Sons of Leiston, Suffolk, being used with ploughing tackle to draw a plough, in right background, back and forth across a field

Cyrus McCormicks reaping machine of 1831 (patented 1834), c1851. This, the first widely adopted reaping machine, was shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London where it was awarded a gold medal

Use of the magnetic compass in map making, 1643. Diagram of the use of the compass by cartographers and surveyors. Bor (Borealis) is north and Aust (Australis) is south

Incandescent light bulb, 1929. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931), American physicist and inventor, produced the first successful electric light bulb

The Last of the Coaches, c1840. The Royal Mail coach service, begun in the 1780s, flourished until the coming of the railways in 1830

Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). Artist: Herbert Bourne
Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish engineer, as a boy experimenting with the tea-kettle at the dining table of his childhood home at Greenock

The Tale of a Tea-kettle, 1844. Artist: Ebenezer Landells
The Tale of a Tea-kettle, 1844. James Watt as a boy watching the kettle boiling in the fire. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland

James Watts workshop at Heathfield Hall, Birmingham, 1886. It had not been disturbed since his death in 1819. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1881. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1870. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1876. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

Birthplace of James Watt shortly before it was demolished, 1887. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland

Gottlieb Daimler, German industrial pioneer, 1900. With his partner Wilhelm Maybach (1846-1929), Daimler (1834-1900) made engines small, lightweight and fast-running

Nadar, French journalist, artist and photographer, 1867. Artist: Andre Gill
Nadar, French journalist, artist and photographer, 1867. Felix Nadar (1820-1910), was the first person to take photographs from a balloon and first to produce a photointerview. Cartoon from La Lune

Transitional ship, 1886. Sectional view of a vessel fitted with both sails and a steam engine driving a screw. From Physics in Pictures by Theodore Eckardt. (London, 1886)

Morse telegraph operating room, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 1859. From The Telegraph Manual, by TP Shaffner. (New York 1859). Credit Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC

Morse telegraphy, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 1859. The public reception room where telegraph messages could be sent and received. From The Telegraph Manual by TP Shaffner. (New York 1859)

Dawlish, Devon, c1860. This viewshows the track of Isambard Kingdom Brunels (1806-1859) South Devon Railway. The South Devon was an example of an atmospheric railway, which did not use locomotives

Kingstown and Dalkey Atmospheric Railway, near Dublin, 1845. This was built on the Samuel Clegg Jnr (1814-1856) and Joseph Samuda (1813-1885) system, also used on the Croydon, the South Devon

Clegg and Samudas atmospheric railway, 1845. Designed by Samuel Clegg Jnr (1814-1856) and Joseph Samuda (1813-1885), this was the system adopted on the Croydon Atmospheric Railway

Sectional view of lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1870. Also known as Oil of Vitriol or H2S04, sulphuric acid was one of the most important of industrial chemicals

Sectional view of Gay-Lussacs lead chambers and absorption towers, 1870. These were for the large-scale production of sulphuric acid also (Oil of Vitriol or H2SO4)

Lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1874. Sectional view showing the process from beginning to end from the furnace (left) to the denitrating (or Glover) tower (right)

Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor, 1880. Jacquard (1752-1834), inventor of the punched card loom being attacked by the silk weavers of Lyon who were afraid his invention would put them out of

Frontispiece of Ontledigen en Ondekkigen... Brieven by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1686
Frontispiece of Ontledigen en Ondekkigen...Brieven by Dutch microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1686. Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Title page of Microscopium by Dutch microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1708. Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was one of the first to recognise cells in animals

John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Lawes (1814-1900) began experimental farming on his estate at Rothamstead, Hertfordshire

John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Lawes (1814-1900) began experimental farming on his estate at Rothamstead, Hertfordshire

Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen and Henry Roscoe, scientists, c1860. Left to right: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887), German physicist; Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen (1811-1899)

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1873. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1876. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Electric overhead monorail at Barmen-Elberfeld (now Wuppertal), Germany, 1901. This, the worlds first and oldest still operating

Potato peeler, 1899. A machine for washing, peeling and removing eyes and sprouts from potatoes. Les Inventions Illustrees. (Paris, May 1899)

Villa Tournesol, 1899. A revolving clinic designed to take full advantage of the heat and light of the sun for therapeutic purposes

Firing a cannon into clouds to prevent a hail storm, 1901. It was claimed that rain fell instead of the anticipated hail which would have damaged the grape vines in the wine producing area of

Solar motor by Aubrey Eneas of Boston, c1905 (c1910). Demonstrated at Edwin Cawstons ostrich farm Pasadena, California. A reflector 33 feet (10.05 metres)

Bell telephone, 1882. Artist: Alexander Graham Bell
Bell telephone, 1882. Scottish-born American inventor Bell (1847-1922) filed the patent for his telephone at the United States Patent Office at 3pm on 14 February 1876

Thomas Alva Edisons first Phonograph, 1878 (1915). In this model the cylinder on which the sound was recorded had to be rotated by hand. The instrument is shown in recording mode

Diesel engine: internal combustion engine invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1897 (c1910). In 1892, Diesel (1858-1913) patented a design for a new type of internal combustion engine

Idea for a video-phone using neon tubes to give the picture display, c1927. Illustration of a system proposed by Herbert Eugene Ives (1883-1952), American physicist and inventor

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