Innovation Collection (page 14)

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), Nobel prize-winning atomic physicist, c1908
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), New Zealand atomic physicist, c1908. Awarded 1908 Nobel prize for chemistry. Is considered by many to have laid the groundwork for the development of modern nuclear

Typewriter patented by John Pratt in 1866 (1915)

Advertisement for Edison phonograph cylinder recordings, 1900. From Scientific American. (New York, 1900). Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

Part of the production line at Fords Highland Park factory, Detroit, Michigan, USA, c1914. The factory, 4.5 miles from the centre of Detroit was the first to make use of assembly-line techniques

Unloading frozen meat from Australia, South West India Dock, Millwall, London, 1881. Interior of the hold of the Catania, which sailed on 28 August from Sydney with nearly 120 tons of meat

Woman in cycling dress, American, c1900. Display card showing a ladies cycling costume with accordion-pleated divided skirt and side-buttoning gaiters, made by Gosta Kraemer, New York

Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London, built for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Artist: D le Bihan
Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London, built for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Queen Victorias carriage can be seen in the centre

Great Exhibition in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London, 1851. An interior view of the main avenue looking eastwards, showing galleries supported by iron columns rising to ridge-and-furrow glass

Renards automobile train, showing coupling (top right) and a train of wagons, 1904

Renards tractor unit, showing towing attachment for trailers, French, 1904

Armand Peugots first motor car, 1890. Fitted with a Daimler V-twin engine, this was the first petrol-driven car built in France

Singers special safety bicycle, c1886 (1890). This chain-driven machine introduced the diamond frame which gave greater rigidity in spite of its lightness

Soldering bicycle parts in an American factory, c1900

Rover Safety Bicycle, c1885. The design of the present-day bicycle has remained much the same as the Rover safety bicycle, the first embodiment of the modern vehicle, designed by John Kemp Starley

Welding bicycle frames in an American factory, 1900

Sandblasting the joints of a bicycle frame, France, 1896. The operator wears a helmet with a breathing tube and a protective tunic

Welding a bicycle frame, France, 1896. The frame is suspended over a forge as a worker applies a welding rod

Bicycle manufacture, France, 1896. Shaping the wheel rims. The machinery is all driven from a central power source through belt-and-shafting

Women making pneumatic tyres for bicycles, France, 1896. Scottish vet and inventor John Boyd Dunlops invention of the pneumatic tyre in 1888 greatly improved the comfort of cycling

Thomas Edisons improved form of JW Trowbridges electric dynamometer, 1879. Edison (1847-1931) was a prolific inventor who registered over 1000 patents

Thomas Edisons generator for electric light at his home at Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA, 1879. Behind the doors is the 80 hp engine

Courting by telephone across Paris, 1883. An idea of one of the results of the invention of the telephone. From Le Vingtieme Siecle (The 20th Century) by A Robida. (Paris, 1883)

Longitudinal section of a steam turbine fitted into the Dover packet boat Queen, c1904. The turbines for the Queen were designed by the Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854-1931)

Longtudinal sections of two steam turbines. 1: Parsons marine turbine; 2: Rateaus marine turbine. Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854-1931)

Steam turbines fitted into the Dover packet boat Queen, 1904. The turbines were designed by the Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854-1931)

Depot where electrically driven Paris cabs were fitted with freshly charged batteries, 1899
Depot at Rue Cardinet where electrically driven Paris cabs were fitted with freshly charged batteries, 1899. At front right are glass carboys in protective wicker jackets

Factory for making, recharging and servicing electric cabs, Aubervilliers, France, 1899
Factory for making, recharging and servicing electric cabs used in Paris, Aubervilliers, France, 1899. From La Nature. (Paris, 1899)

Main station of the Exchange Telegraph Company, London, 1882. An operator receives a message on a ticker-tape machine. A Morse transmitting instrument is connected directly to the Stock Exchange

Operator receiving a message in Morse code on an electric printing telegraph, 1887. In the box under the table are the wet cells (batteries) supplying electricity

Telegraph office, c1900. A man reads a message he has received (left). Inside the office an operator sends a message using a Morse transmitting key (right)

Operator sending a message on a Morse electric printing telegraph, 1887. He is tapping out the message with a key using the code developed by Samuel Morse and Alexander Bain

Morses first telegraph, 1837 (c1900). Artist: Sir John Gilbert
Morses first telegraph, 1837 (c1900). Invented by Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872), this was the first functional electric telegraph

Morse electric printing telegraph, c1882. Rear view of the instrument showing the roll of paper for recording messages and the transmitting key at C. D are wet cells (batteries) providing electricity

Manufacturing electric light bulbs, c1883 (1896). A mercury vacuum pump being used to evacuate (exhaust) light bulbs on a commercial scale

Montigny mitrailleuse, 1870. Introduced by the French during the Franco-Prussian War, this rapid-fire gun had 37 barrels. Operated by 5 men, it could deliver 482 rounds per minute

Rear view of Charles Wheatstones electric (railway) telegraph, 1850. Showing its connection OT lines running beside the railway track. From Illustrations of Natural Philosophyby John Reynolds

Cook and Wheatstones 5-needle telegraph, 1837 (1915). The 5-needle telegraph was the first successful electric telecommunication device and was patented by Charles Wheatstone and William Cooke

Ader telephone system, 1881. The man on the left is making a call which passes through the operator at the exchange, centre, to the recipient on the right

Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and inventor. In 1866 Swedish chemist and industrialist Nobel (1833-1896) invented a safe and manageable form of nitroglycerine he called dynamite

Alessandro Voltas wet pile battery, 1800
Alessandro Voltas wet pile or battery, 1800. Italian physicist Volta (1745-1827) was the inventor of the voltaic pile, an early battery and the first source of current electricity

Thomas Saverys steam pump or the miners friend, 1702 (1726). Saverys steam powered pump was used for draining water out of mines. From Lexicon Technicum, by John Harris, 1726

Design for a pendulum clock, 1673. Note the cycloidal pendulum with cheeks (fig.II). In 1657 Christiaan Huygens began work on developing Galileos work on the pendulum

Booklet of instructions for a Fantascope, 1833. Artist: Thomas Mann Baynes
Booklet of instructions for a Fantascope, 1833. The Fantascope or Phenakistoscope was an optical toy depending on persistence of vision for its effect

Steam engine by James Watt, 1915. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, greatly improved the efficiency of the steam engine by inventing the separate condenser

Six early forms of bicycle, c1870. 19th century hobby horses, fore-runners of the bicycles, including the Dandy Horse, Gompertzs velocipede, the Dublin velocipede and the Bone-Shaker

PSS Great Eastern on the ocean, 1858. Colour print after a painting by Edwin Weedon. This steamship, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel with John Scott Russell

Camera obscura, 1646. A double camera obscura, rather out of scale, showing an image of a man burning in Hell. The image was produced by light from a lamp which travelled down the lens

Astronaut on Shuttle mission 41-C, 1984. Shuttle astronaut with Solar Maximum Satellite in the hold of the Space Shuttle Challenger

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