Images Dated 29th July 2005 (#25)

Charles Babbages Difference Engine No 1, prototype calculating machine, 1824-1832. Artist: Joseph Clement
Charles Babbages Difference Engine No 1, prototype calculating machine, 1824-1832. English mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

Sacrificial procession of a bull preceded by trumpeters, 30-40. Relief from an altar of the Vicomagistri, the Roman organisation responsible for police and fire protection

James I, King of England and Scotland, 1621. Artist: Daniel Mytens
James I, King of England and Scotland, 1621. James (1566-1625) became King of Scotland in 1567 and England in 1601. The son of Mary Queen of Scots

Martin Luther, German Protestant reformer, c1529. Artist: Lucas Cranach the Elder
Martin Luther, German Protestant reformer, c1529. Luther (1483-1546) was a major inspiration behind the Reformation. He was excommunicated by Pope Leo IX in 1521

Japanese naval squadron steaming to bombard Port Arthur, Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. The Russo-Japanese War arose due to the two countries conflicting territorial ambitions in East Asia

Scenes from the life of St Denis, patron saint of France, 3rd century (14th century). St Denis consecrates a church in Paris (bottom) and baptises new Christians (top)

The Women of Gaul, c1827-1893. Artist: Auguste Barthelemy Glaize
The Women of Gaul, c1827-1893. An episode during the Roman invasion of Gaul. Women and children look on in anguish as the Gaulish men are slaughtered by the Romans on the battlefield

Sketch of a perpetual motion device designed by Leonardo da Vinci, c1472-1519. Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Sketch of a perpetual motion device designed by Leonardo da Vinci, c1472-1519. Da Vincis (1452-1519) scientific drawings featured ideas such as a spinning wheel and a flying machine

Scenes from the Seventh Crusade, 1248-1254 (15th century). Top: Louis IX (1215-1270), King of France from 1226, called Saint Louis, being brought as a prisoner before the Sultan

Scenes from the First Crusade, 1096-1099 (c1490). Artist: Sebastian Marmoret
Scenes from the First Crusade, 1096-1099 (c1490). In the foreground of the main image, mounted knights unhorsed and killed in a melee of hand-to-hand fighting with (left)

Louis XIV, King of France, c1660-c1670. Artist: Charles le Brun
Louis XIV, King of France, c1660-c1670. Louis, king from 1643, as a young man. From the Musee du Louvre, Paris

Chinese map of the World including information taken to China by the Jesuit missionaries. Based on Matteo Riccis lost map of 1584

Cardinal Richelieu, French prelate and statesman, 1640. Artist: Philippe de Champaigne
Cardinal Richelieu, French prelate and statesman, 1640. Armand Jean Duplessis, Duc de Richelieu (1585-1642) was made a Cardinal in 1622

Christopher Columbus, Genoese navigator and explorer. Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, Columbus (1451-1506) set out in 1492 to discover a westward route to Asia

St James the Apostle (St James the Great), Patron Saint of Spain. Tradition states that St James preached Christianity in Spain, after which he returned to the Holy Land, where he was martyred

Desiderus Erasmus, Dutch humanist and scholar, 1523. Artist: Hans Holbein the Younger
Desiderus Erasmus, Dutch humanist and scholar, 1523. Erasmus (1497-1543) was probably the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance

St Ignatius of Loyola, 16th century Spanish soldier and founder of the Jesuits, 1617-1618. Artist: Peter Paul Rubens
St Ignatius of Loyola, 16th century Spanish soldier and founder of the Jesuits, 1617-1618. Inigo Lopez de Loyola (1491-1556) founded the Society of Jesus together with 6 others at St Marys Church

Page from the Belleville Breviary 1323-1326. Artist: Jean Pucelle
Page from the Belleville Breviary 1323-1326. The upper miniature shows Saul (11th century BC), Old Testament ruler, in a fit of jealous madness

American cavalry retreating across a river pursued by Native American warriors, c1900. Artist: Amos Bad Heart Buffalo
American cavalry retreating across a river pursued by Native American warriors, c1900

Christopher Columbus arriving in the New World, 1492 (1817-1826). Artist: Bonatti
Christopher Columbus arriving in the New World, 1492 (1817-1826). Genoese explorer and navigator Columbus (1451-1506) presenting gifts to the first natives to greet him on his landing in America

Storming of the Bastille, French Revolution, Paris, 1789. On the morning of 14 July 1789, a crowd advanced on the Bastille, the state prison in Paris

Gold Mining in California, 1849 (1871). Artist: Currier and Ives
Gold Mining in California, 1849 (1871). Scenes of the 1849 Californian Gold Rush showing cradling, panning, washing with a long tom and hydraulic mining

Apocalypse of St-Sever (Latin), c1050. Adoration of 24 elders. Christ in Majesty, surrounded by the symbols of the Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John

Two Jain Tirthankaras or jina (ford-makers) and their devotees, Bundi region, India, c1720. The Indian faith of Jainism arose at approximately the same time as Buddhism

L invocation (La Priere) ( Prayer of Invocation ), 1918. Artist: Etienne Dinet
L invocation (La Priere) ( Prayer of Invocation ), 1918. From La Vie de Mohammed, prophete d Allah (Life of Mohammed, prophet of Allah) by Etienne Dinet and Sliman Ben Ibrahim (1918)

The Prayer, 1918. Artist: Etienne Dinet
The Prayer, 1918. Muslims kneeling in prayer. From La Vie de Mohammed, prophete d Allah (Life of Mohammed, prophet of Allah) by Etienne Dinet and Sliman Ben Ibrahim (1918)

The Last Judgement, c1420-1455. Artist: Fra Angelico
The Last Judgement, c1420-1455. Triptych showing Heaven, left, Hell, right and Christ sitting in judgement in the central panel

American Plains Indians on a Buffalo hunt, 1898 Artist: Washakie
American Plains Indians on a Buffalo (North American Bison) hunt, 1898. Painting on skin

Mounted Grand Plains Indian hunting Buffalo with bow and arrow, c1890-c1927. Artist: Kills Two
Mounted Grand Plains Indian hunting Buffalo (North American Bison) with bow and arrow, c1890-c1927

Conflict between General George Custer (1839-1876) and Crazy Horse, Sioux (Dakota) Indian. Artist: Kills Two
Conflict between General George Custer (1839-1876) and Crazy Horse, North American Sioux (Dakota) Indian, c1890-c1927

Moose skin by North American Shoshone Indian, showing Buffalo hunt, 20th century. Artist: Katsikodi
Painting on Moose skin by North American Shoshone Indian, 20th century, showing buffalo hunt. Centre: Shoshoni perform Sun Dance

The Reduction of Breda, Thirty Years War, 1625, (17th century). Artist: Diego Velazquez
The Reduction of Breda. Representation of the surrender of the city to the Spanish in 1625 during their occupation of the Netherlands during the Thirty Years War

View of Mecca, from La Vie de Mohammed, Prophete d Allah, c1880-c1920. Artist: Etienne Dinet
View of Mecca, illustration for La Vie de Mohammed, Prophete d Allah (Life of Mohammed, Prophet of Allah), c1880-c1920

Miniature of Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603) Artist: Nicholas Hilliard
Miniature of Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603), 16th century. Also known as The Virgin Queen, as she never married, and Good Queen Bess

Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in mounted combat, 1191 (13th century)
Richard I, Coeur de Lion (Lionheart) (1157-1199), king of England (1189-99) and Saladin (1137-93) in mounted combat during the Crusade of 1191. Encaustic tiles (1250-1260) from Chertsey Abbey, Surrey

Greek gods Pluto and Persephone sit with Cerberus, the three-headed dog, (15th century)
Pluto and Persephone enthroned: the God and goddess of the underworld, they sit with the three-headed dog, Cerberus, at their feet

Stone carving of Celtic deity wearing a torque. On lower half of figure is a depiction of a wild boar

St Basil the Great and St Maximus the Confessor and Monk, Greek theologians, (c1820-c1830)
St Basil the Great (c329-c379) one of the great Greek fathers of the church and St Maximus the Confessor and Monk (c580-c662), Greek theologian, located in Russia

Hail Caesar! We who are about to die salute you, 19th century. Artist: Jean-Leon Gerome
Hail Caesar! We who are about to die salute you, 19th century. Depiction of Roman gladiators in the arena saluting Caesar before they enter their contests

Joan of Arc (c1412-1431), Maid of Orleans, French patriot and martyr, (19th century)
Joan of Arc (c1412-1431) also known as St Jeanne d Arc, the Maid of Orleans, French patriot and martyr, (19th century). Tried for heresy and sorcery, burnt at the stake in the market place at Rouen

Battle during First Crusade (Peoples Crusade), 1096-1099, (c1490). Artist: Sebastian Marmoret French
Battle during First Crusade (Peoples Crusade), 1096-1099, (c1490). Foreground: mounted knights unhorsed and killed. Centre: melee of hand-to-hand fighting with, on left

Scenes from the life of St Jerome, from the Bible of Charles the Bald, 9th century. Top: Jerome (c342-420) leaves Rome for Jerusalem to take Hebrew lessons; centre

Plan of the water supply system to Canterbury Cathedral, c1150. The cathedral complex was supplied by five springs outside city

Cameo of Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom. Minerva was known as Athena in the Greek pantheon

Marriage of Mars and Venus, 1st century. Fresco from the House of Lucretius Fronton, Pompeii, Italy

Birth of Venus, 1st century. Fresco showing Venus, the Roman goddess of love, in the shell, from the House of Venus Pompeii, Italy

Roman mosaic deoicting a tiger and gladiators, 2nd century

Gladiators in the arena, Roman mosaic, Saarbrucken, Germany

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