Pioneer Collection (page 12)

Wedgewood plaque of Joseph Priestley (1733-1804). English Presbyterian minister and chemist

Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), English Presbyterian minister and chemist, 1801
Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) English Presbyterian minister and chemist. From a print published in 1801. Eagle represents the USA as Priestley had emigrated there by this time

Reverse of commemorative medal for Joseph Priestley, English chemist, 1803
Reverse of commemorative medal for Joseph Priestley, English Presbyterian minister and chemist, 1803. Showing his pneumatic trough for collecting gases, and other equipment

Obverse of commemorative medal for Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), 1803. English Presbyterian minister and chemist

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac making a balloon ascent from Paris, 14 September 1804 (1910). On this flight, French chemist and physicist Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist, physicist and balloonist, c1824. Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) investigated the behaviour of gases and developed techniques of chemical analysis

Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French scientists, 1804 (1870). Biot (1774-1864) and Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)

John Dalton, English chemist, c1860. Dalton (1766-1844) was born near Cockermouth, Cumbria. In 1794 he described colour blindness (Daltonism) from which both he and his brother suffered

Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, 1924. Edison (1847-1931) was a prolific inventor who registered over 1000 patents, many of which were related to the development of electricity

Thomas Edison, American inventor, in his laboratory, Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA, 1870s (1920s)
Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, in his laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA, working on the perfection of the incandescent light bulb, 1870s (1920s)

Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, c1906
Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, listening to a recording on an electric model of his phonograph powered by a wet battery, c1906

Joseph Priestley, English chemist and Presbyterian minister, 1791. Artist: William Bromley
Joseph Priestley, English Chemist and Presbyterian minister, 1791. Priestley (1733-1804) was a pioneer in the study of gases and is recognised as one of the discoverers of oxygen

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Darwin (1809-1882) was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. He first made his name as a geologist

John Dalton, English chemist, 1881. Dalton (1766-1844) was born near Cockermouth, Cumbria. In 1794 he described colour blindness (Daltonism) from which both he and his brother suffered

Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, c1879. Edison (1847-1931) was a prolific inventor who registered over 1000 patents, many of which were related to the development of electricity

Experiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). Artist: Robert Brown
Experiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). In 1822 the French appointed a commission to find the speed of sound in air

Georgius Agricola, 16th century German physician, mineralogist and metallurgist. Agricola (christened Georg Bauer) (1494-1555) was the author of De re metallica

Dmitiri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907), Russian chemist, c1900s
Dmitiri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907), Russian chemist, c.1900s. Famous for arranging the 63 known elements into a Periodic Table based on Atomic Mass

Reverse of medal commemorating 50 years of cinematography by the Lumiere brothers, 1945. August (1862-1954) and Louis Lumiere (1864-1948), French chemists and pioneers of cinematography, 1945

Obverse of medal commemorating 50 years of cinematography by the Lumiere brothers, 1945. August (1862-1954) and Louis Lumiere (1864-1948), French chemists and pioneers of cinematography

Louis Jean Lumiere (1864-1948), pioneer of cinematography, c1935
Louis Jean Lumiere (1864-1948), French chemist and pioneer of cinematography, c1935. Collaborated with his elder brother, Auguste. From obverse of commemorative plaquette

Etienne Jules Marey (1830-1903), French physiologist, 19th century. Pioneer of cinematography. From reverse of commemorative plaquette showing Marey at his desk

Etienne Jules Marey (1830-1903), with cine camera, 1903
Etienne Jules Marey (1830-1903), French physiologist, with cine camera, 1903. Top: Chambre chrono-photographique, the first cine-camera, is used to study movement of creatures in aquarium

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), Scottish theoretical physicist, 1882
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879). Scottish theoretical physicist. From Campbell & Garnett The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, 1882

James Clerk Maxwells (1831-1879) comparison apparatus, 1880
James Clerk Maxwells (1831-1879) apparatus for the comparison of electrostatic and electromagnetic units, 1880. From A Physical Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism by JEH Gordon, (London, 1880)

Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875), British physicist, 19th century
Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875), British physicist. Pioneer in electrical resistances. Along with partner William Cooke, responsible for the invention of the electric telegraph, 19th century

Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist. English scientist and mathematician Isaac Newtons (1642-1727) discoveries were prolific and exerted a huge influence on science and thought

Henry Ford, American engineer and automobile manufacturer, c1910-c1930. In 1903, Henry Ford (1863-1947) founded the Ford Motor Company

Marie (1867-1934) and Pierre (1859-1906) Curie. With their daughter Irene in the garden of their house on Boulevard Kellermann, Paris

Enrico Fermi, Italian-born American nuclear physicist, c1942. Fermi (1901-1954) constructed the first working nuclear reactor, in a squash court at the University of Chicago in 1942

John Harrison, c1835. Artist: William Holl
John Harrison, c1835. Portrait of the English inventor and horologist wearing a wig. Harrison became famous for resolving one of the most problematic issues of his day - how to determine longitude

John Hunter, FRS, (c1850-c1870?). Artist: William Holl
John Hunter, FRS, (c1850-c1870?). Portrait of the Scottish surgeon and anatomist. His unique series of lectures on the theory and practice of surgery attracted numerous students

Alberto Santos-Dumont and his airship, 1901. Artist: George Hum
Alberto Santos-Dumont and his airship, 1901. Caricature of Alberto Santos-Dumont, the Brazilian pioneer in airship and aeroplane flights. He is shown flying in the basket of his airship

Galileos thermometer, 1592. Artist: Galileo Galilei
Galileos thermometer, 1592. A 1994 copy of the air thermometer made by Galileo Galilei, the celebrated Italian scientist. This was probably the first instrument made for the measurement of

Sir Humphrey Davy, English chemist, 1803. Artist: C Turner
Sir Humphrey Davy, English chemist, 1803. Whilst at the Pneumatic Institute in Bristol, Davy discovered the anaesthetic effects of laughing gas (nitrous oxide)

Eadweard James Muybridge, British-American photography pioneer, 1889. Muybridge lecturing at the Royal Society in London. After emigrating to America in 1852

Sir Isaac Newton, English scientist and mathematician, c1700. Artist: Jacobus Houbraken
Sir Isaac Newton, English scientist and mathematician, c1700. Newtons discoveries were prolific and exerted a huge influence on science and thought

Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist and physician, 16th century. Artist: Wenceslaus Hollar
Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist, physician and pioneer of medical chemistry, 16th century

Christiaan Huygens, Dutch physicist, c1670. Huygens was responsible for two great advances in horology: the application of both the pendulum to the clock and the balance spring to the watch

Samuel Crompton, English inventor of the spinning mule, c1880s. Artist: James Morrison
Samuel Crompton, English inventor of the spinning mule, c1880s. Between 1772 and 1779 Crompton invented the spinning mule frame

Henry Ford, American automobile engineer and manufacturer, 1908. In 1903, Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company. He pioneered modern assembly line mass production techniques for his famous Model

James Watt as a young man, c1769. Artist: James Scott
James Watt as a young man, c1769. Watt was a Scottish engineer and instrument maker who invented the modern steam engine which became the main source of power in Britains textile mills

Daniel Boone (1735-1820), American pioneer and Indian fighter purporting to show him trying out his coffin for size. Woodcut

The Rocky Mountains, c1834-c1876. Artist: Frances Flora Bond Palmer
The Rocky Mountains, c1834-c1876. Emigrants crossing the plains watched by Native Americans. Published by Currier and Ives, New York, USA

Vasco da Gamas fleet at sea, 1497. In 1497, Vasco da Gama (c1469-1525), Portuguese navigator, became the first westerner to round the Cape of Good Hope, the tip of South Africa

Edouard Branly, French physicist, 20th century. Artist: J-P Legastelois
Edouard Branly, French physicist, 20th century. Branly (1844-1940) was a pioneer of early radio and inventor of the coherer (1892). Obverse of commemorative medal

Nicolas Copernicus, Polish astronomer, 1802
Nicolas Copernicus, Polish astronomer, 1645. Copernicus (1473-1543) is considered to be the father of modern astronomy and founder of heliocentric cosmology

Jean Lamarck, French naturalist. Lamarck (1744-1829) formulated the doctrine of Transformism (also known as Lamarckism), a theory of evolution which stated that acquired characteristics could be

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