Pioneer Collection (page 10)

Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian pioneer of aviation, (c1924). Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) was an important early pioneer of aviation

Elias Howe, American sewing machine pioneer, (c1924). Howe (1819-1867) did not invent the sewing machine (that was Charles Fredrick Weisenthal) but, on September 10 1846

Michael Faraday, British physicist and chemist, 1931. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, c1963-c1964. Gagarin (1934-1968) became the first man in space when he orbited the Earth aboard Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961

Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin with his wife, 1962. Gagarin (1934-1968) married Valentina Goryacheva in 1957. He became the first man in space when he orbited the Earth aboard Vostok 1 on 12 April

Laika, Russian cosmonaut dog, 1957. Laika was the first animal to orbit the Earth, travelling on board the Sputnik 2 spacraft launched on 3 November 1957

Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, 1961. Gagarin (1934-1968) became the first man in space when he orbited the Earth aboard Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961

Belka and Strelka, Russian cosmonaut dogs, 1960. Belka and Strelka flew into Earth orbit on board Sputnik 5 on 19 August 1960 as part of the Soviet programme aimed at determining the viability of

Last steps of Russian cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov, Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR, 23 April 1967. Vladimir Komarov (1927-1967) was one of the first group of cosmonauts selected to take part in the Soviet

Russian rocket engineer Sergey Korolyov with cosmonauts, Crimea, USSR, c1960. Korolyov (1907-1966) was the leading Soviet rocket engineer

Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, 1960s. Gagarin (1934-1968) became the first man in space when he orbited the Earth aboard Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961

Death of Pilatre de Rozier and Romain, 1785 (1890s). In November 1783, French scientist and aeronaut Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier (1754-1785) and Francois Laurent d Arlandes (1742-1809)

Crossing of the English Channel by Blanchard and Jeffries, 1785 (1890s). Frenchman Jean Pierre Blanchard and American Dr John Jeffries made the first aerial crossing of the English Channel in a

First attempt by Guyton de Morveau to direct a balloon, Dijon, France, 1784 (1890s). Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau (1737-1816) was a French chemist and politician

First aerial voyage by Charles and Robert, Paris, France, 1783 (1890s). On 1 December 1783, French aeronauts Jacques Charles (1746-1823) and Noel Robert made the first manned (free flight)

First aerial voyage of Pilatre de Rozier and d Arlandes, Paris, France, 1783 (1890s). On 21 November 1783, Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier (1754-1785) and Francois Laurent d Arlandes (1742-1809)

Jacques Charles launches his first aerostat from the Champ de Mars, Paris, 1783 (1890s). French aeronauts Jacques Charles (1746-1823)

First test flight of a hot air balloon at Annonay, France, 4 June, 1783 (1890s). Enthusiastic crowds watching the first unmanned test flight by brothers Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier

The Montgolfier brothers, French ballooning pioneers, (1890s). Joseph Michel (1740-1810) and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier (1745-1799)

Curtiss Biplane, 20th century. Designed by American aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss (1878-1930), the Curtiss Biplane set several records in 1909

Farman biplane, 20th century
Farman Biplane, 20th century. Designed by French aviation pioneer Henri Farman and powered by a 50hp Gnome engine, this biplane won the distance contest at the Reims Aviation Week in 1909

Captain Marconnet and Lieutenant Fequant, French army aviators, c1910. On 9th June 1910 Marconnet and Fequant made the first aerial reconnaisance flight in an aeroplane

A French faience plate depicting Jean-Pierre Blanchards balloon trip. Jean-Pierre Blanchard (1753-1809) was a French inventor, most remembered as a pioneer in aviation and ballooning

A French faience plate with aeronauts with flags, 1785. A popular painted scene was the Charles and Robert balloon, Globe

The death of the aviator Auguste Severo over Paris, 1902. Severo and his mechanic were both killed soon after the hydrogen in Severos recently built airship Pax exploded 2000 feet above the city

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, 19th century French chemist and physicist, (1900). Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) made balloon ascents to investigate terrestrial magnetism and the composition

Ernst Werner von Siemens 19th century German inventor and industrialist, (1900). Siemens (1816-1892) co-invented an electroplating process (1841) and also developed an electric dynamo

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch pioneer of microscopy, (1813). Artist: J Chapman
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch pioneer of microscopy, (1813). It was probably as a result of his use of lenses in examining cloth as a drapers apprentice that led to Leeuwenhoeks interest in lens

Charles Darwin, British naturalist, (1899). Artist: C Cook
Charles Darwin, British naturalist, (1899). Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

Sir Charles Wheatstone, British inventor, (1899). Artist: C Cook
Sir Charles Wheatstone, British inventor, (1899). Wheatstone (1802-1875) was a pioneer of electric telegraphy. In 1837, he and William Fothergill Cooke patented their five-needle telegraph machine

Song on the aerostatic sphere, 18th century. Commemorating the Montgolfier Brothers balloon experiment in the garden of M Reveillon on 19 October 1783

The attempt by the Count de la Vaulx to cross the Mediterranean by balloon, 1901. Artist: P Doye
The attempt by the Count de la Vaulx to cross the Mediterranean by balloon, 1901. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 20th October 1901

Alberto Santos-Dumont landing his airship number 9 in Longchamp, Paris, 1903. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 19th June 1903

Alberto Santos-Dumont flying his airship number 10, 1903. Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) was an early pioneer of aviation

Aerial Navigation, c1910. Three early aeroplanes; Henri Farmans (1874-1958) biplane, in which he made his first flight in 1908

Archdeacon aeroplane, 1904. Ernest Archdeacon was a French lawyer of Irish descent who was also a pioneer aviator. This aircraft built by him in 1904 was based on the design of the Wright Brothers

Santos-Dumonts airship departing from Trouville, France, 1905. Alberto Santos-Dumont was a Brazilian pioneer aviator. He initially focused on airship design

The Parachute of Fauste Veranzio, 1617, (1887). Artist: Gaston Tissandier
The Parachute of Fauste Veranzio, 1617, (1887). The inventor Fauste Veranzio (Faust Vrancic) deveolped a parachute after studying Leonardo da Vincis sketches of one

Reception of the Robert Brothers by the Prince of Ghistelles in 1784, (1887). Artist: Gaston Tissandier
Reception of the Robert Brothers by the Prince of Ghistelles in 1784, (1887). French balloonists Noel and Jean Robert, recieved by Philippe-Alexandre-Emmanuel-Francois-Joseph de Ghistelles at his

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, 1866. Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural chemistry

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, c1860. Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural chemistry

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, French chemist, demonstrating his discovery of oxygen, 1776 (1874). On the table in the right background of the picture is his calorimeter

Pollen mass of Orchis mascula when first attached (A) and after depression (B), 1899. From The Various Contrivances by which Orchids are Fertilized by Insects (second edition) by Charles Darwin

Andreas Vesalius, 16th century Flemish anatomist, c1789-c1798. Vesalius (1514-1564) great work on anatomy De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body) (1543) was a landmark

Justus von Liebig, 19th century German chemist. Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural chemistry

The moth Acontia luctuosa and orchid pollen, 1862. This shows seven pairs of pollinia of Orchis pyramidalis on the moths proboscis

Parade of the Young Pioneers, Red Square, Moscow, 1972

Gustave Hamel, British aviation pioneer, 1913. Hamel (c1884-1914) disappeared over the English Channel on 23 May 1914 on a flight from France piloting a new aircraft

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