Pioneer Collection (page 11)

Gustave Hamel, British aviation pioneer, 1913. Hamel (c1884-1914) disappeared over the English Channel on 23 May 1914 on a flight from France piloting a new aircraft

Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz, German motor industry pioneers, 1961. Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (1834-1900), left, German engineer and inventor and Karl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929)

Yuri Gagarin, Soviet Russian cosmonaut, 1961. Czech postage stamp commemorating Gagarins (1934-1968) flight in Vostok, 12 April 1961, the first manned space flight

Wilhelm Konrad von Rontgen, German physicist, 1902. In 1895, while professor of physics at Wurzburg, (Rontgen (1845-1913) discovered X-rays, originally called Rontgen rays

Funeral of Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1882. After his death at Down House, his home for forty years, the body of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was brought to Westminster Abbey, London, where

Charles Darwin in the sand walk at Down House, c1870 (1887). English naturalist Darwin (1809-1882) spent much time walking and thinking in his garden at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, in his study, c1870 (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) lived at Down House, Beckenham, Kent for forty years

Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, 1887. Garden view of the home for forty years of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1884. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

Thomas Alva Edison at Menlo Park, late 1880s. Edison (1847-1931), American physicist and inventor in his laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey

John Dalton, English chemist, c1834 (1902). As a Quaker, Dalton (1766-1844) could not attend an English university, so supported himself by teaching

Thomas Alva Edison, 1888
Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, 1888. Edison (1847-1931) listening to a recording on his phonograph. This is an electric model powered by a bichromate cell (left)

Thomas Alva Edison, American physicist and inventor, 1929. Obverse of a medal celebrating the 50th anniversary of Edisons (1847-1931) invention of the incandescent lamp in 1879

Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). Artist: Herbert Bourne
Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish engineer, as a boy experimenting with the tea-kettle at the dining table of his childhood home at Greenock

The Tale of a Tea-kettle, 1844. Artist: Ebenezer Landells
The Tale of a Tea-kettle, 1844. James Watt as a boy watching the kettle boiling in the fire. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland

James Watts workshop at Heathfield Hall, Birmingham, 1886. It had not been disturbed since his death in 1819. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1881. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1870. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1876. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

Birthplace of James Watt shortly before it was demolished, 1887. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland

Gottlieb Daimler, German industrial pioneer, 1900. With his partner Wilhelm Maybach (1846-1929), Daimler (1834-1900) made engines small, lightweight and fast-running

Nadar, French journalist, artist and photographer, 1867. Artist: Andre Gill
Nadar, French journalist, artist and photographer, 1867. Felix Nadar (1820-1910), was the first person to take photographs from a balloon and first to produce a photointerview. Cartoon from La Lune

Hippocrates of Cos, Ancient Greek physician, 1866. Known as the father of medicine Hippocrates (c460-c359 BC) laid the foundations of a scientific basis for medicine

Pierre-Alexander Darracq, French automobile manufacturer, 1901. Artist: Emile Cohl
Pierre-Alexander Darracq, French automobile manufacturer, 1901. Darracq (1855-1931) was one of the first to plan the mass production of motor vehicles

Edward Jenner, English physician, 1800. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox

Edward Jenner, English physician, 1837. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox

Amy Johnson, British aviator, about to set out for Cape Town, 1932. Johnson (1903-1941) saying goodbye to her husband, fellow pilot James Mollison, before starting off

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, at work in his laboratory, mid 19th century (c1885). Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural

Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Artist: Simon Charles Miger
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Print celebrating the first ascent in a hydrogen-balloon, made by Charles (1746-1823) from the Tuileries, Paris, on 1 December 1783

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni, German physicist, c1895. Chladni (1756-1827) was a pioneer of acoustics who developed the technique where sand vibrated on a metal plate forms regular symmetrical

John Dalton, British chemist, 19th century. Artist: CH Jeens
John Dalton, British chemist, 19th century. Dalton (1766-1844) was born near Cockermouth, Cumbria. In 1794 he described colour blindness (Daltonism) from which both he and his brother suffered

Albrecht von Haller, 18th century Swiss physician and scientist, c1840
Albrecht von Haller, 18th century Swiss physician and scientist, [c1840]. Von Haller (1708-1777) worked in the field of experimental physiology and was the founder of the science of neurology

Albrecht von Haller, Swiss physician and scientist, c1770 (c1780). Von Haller (1708-1777) worked in the field of experimental physiology and was the founder of the science of neurology

Joseph Lister, English surgeon and pioneer of antiseptic surgery, c1867. Lister (1827-1912) pioneered the use of antiseptics in surgery

Joseph Lister, English surgeon, on his ward round in Glasgow Royal Infirmary, c1867 (1927). A pioneer of antiseptic surgery

Girolamo Fabrici, Italian anatomist and surgeon, 17th century. Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente - Italian name Girolamo Fabrici - (1537-1619) was one of the founders of modern embryology

Darwinian Ancestor, 1887. Artist: George du Maurier
Darwinian Ancestor, 1887. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) said to the Scottish geologist Charles Lyell (1797-1875) Our ancestor was an animal which breathed water, had a swim-bladder

George du Maurier cartoon from Punch illustrating Darwinism, 1887. Artist: George du Maurier
Development of Species Under Civilisation, 1887. The old evolutionary argument of Nature or Nurture: it would be a brave person who came to a conclusion on this evidence. Cartoon from Punch

The Survival of the Fittest; application of Darwinism in the 21st century, 1880. Artist: George du Maurier
The Survival of the Fittest ; application of Darwinism in the 21st century, 1880. The term Survival of the fittest was first used by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) in 1851

Jemmy Button, the Fuegian adopted by Fitzroys expedition, in 1834 (1839). During 1833 when Jemmy was living with the expedition, he was dressed in European clothes and his hair was cut short

Jemmy Button, the Fuegian adopted by the Fitzroy expedition, as he appeared in 1833 (1839). In 1834, after his return to his tribe, all trace of European influence disappeared

A Patagonian, c1831 (1839). From Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle Vol.I, by William Parker King (London, 1839)

Patagonians at Gregory Bay, 1831 (1839). From Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle Vol II, by Robert Fitzroy. (London, 1839)

Fuegians at Woollya, with the Fitzroy expeditions camp in the background, 1831 (1839). From Robert Fitzroys Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle, Vol. II

Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist, in his greenhouse
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, c1875, (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) at work in his greenhouse at Down House, his home near Beckenham, Kent

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1883. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection. From The Century Magazine

Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, from the garden, 1883. The home of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), the English naturalist who put forward the modern theory of evolution

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1881. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1881. As well as his better known work on evolution by natural selection, Darwins (1809-1882) studies covered other subjects

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