Physics Collection (page 7)

Hans Christian Oersted, Danish physicist, [c1870]. Oersted (1777-1851) discovered that electric current has an effect on a magnetic needle

Magnetism, 1600. A terrella or globe-shaped magnet with lumps of iron to represent mountains and showing the north-seeking property of a magnetic needle. From De Magnete by William Gilbert

A magnetized needle pushed through a ball of cork, floating submerged in a goblet of water, 1600. The needle shows the dip and the direction of the magnetic pole. From De Magnete by William Gilbert

Rear view of Charles Wheatstones electric (railway) telegraph, 1850. Showing its connection OT lines running beside the railway track. From Illustrations of Natural Philosophyby John Reynolds

Carbon microphone, 1882. Device invented in 1878 by David Edward Hughes (1831-1900), English inventor. From Physics in Pictures by Theodore Eckardt. (London, 1882)

Communicating by speaking tube, 1882
Speaking tube, 1882. A cross-section of a ship, showing how communication between the bridge (top) and the rest of the vessel took place

X-ray apparatus, 1915. Apparatus powered by a Ruhmkorff coil being used to take an X-ray of a hand. Cigarette card

X-raying the hand, 1924. An X-ray tube and an X-ray photograph of a hand, with the bones and a wristwatch and ring clearly visible. Cigarette card

Gas lighting, 1814. Fig. 1: Samuel Cleggs (1781-1861) gas apparatus (1808). Fig. 7: B Cooks gas apparatus. Figs 8&9: Furnace for producing tar as a gas by-product. From Encyclopaedia Londinensis

Various substances fluorescing in vacuum tubes of different shapes, 1903

Movement of solids, c1850. Illustrating mechanisms including gears, the escapement, governor, parallel motion, reciprocating to rotative motion, the eccentric, and the crank

Equilibrium of solids, c1850. Physical principles including the lever, pulley, and inclined plane. Educational plate published in Wurtemberg, Germany, c1850

General properties of bodies, c1851. Physical principles including inertia, centre of gravity, centrifugal force, parallelogram of forces

Equilibrium of Liquids, c1850. Hydrostatics and its applications, including a siphon (17), bellows (paradoxical instrument) (8), Bramahs hydraulic press (19), an intermittent spring

Light, c1850. Educational plate showing reflection and refraction, light travelling in straight lines, a burning mirror (13) and Newtons prism experiment (27). (Wurtemberg, Germany c1850)

Electricity, c1850. Various aspects of electricity and electrical apparatus, including attraction and repulsion (1, 2), Leyden jar and condenser (6, 7)

Communication by speaking tube, c1850. A waiter serving clients in a restaurant, speaking to chefs at work in the kitchen on the floor below, using a speaking tube

Magnetism, c1850. Educational plate showing various aspects of magnetism and electromagnetism including a dip needle, compass, the lifting power of an electromagnet (12), Wheatstone telegraph (13)

Davys electric egg, 1883. Invented in 1809, it produced intense light from a voltaic arc between the points of two carbon rods

John Tyndall lecturing on electromagnetism at the Royal Institution, London. May 1870. Irish-born British physicist Tyndall (1820-1893)

Leyden jar and Pieter van Musschenbroecks electrical experiment of 1746 (1765). Van Musschenbroeck (1692-1761) attempted to electrify water in bottle as had been done by his pupil Cuneus

Michael Faraday lecturing on electricity and magnetism, Royal Institution, London, 1846
Michael Faraday lecturing on electricity and magnetism, Royal Institution, London, 23 January 1846. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Von Guerickes demonstration of the strength of air pressure, 1672. In the mid 17th century Otto von Guericke used an air-pump to remove the air from between two large close-fitting copper

Robert Boyles second air pump, c1660 (1725). The pump is being used to evacuate a bell jar to examine the effect on an animal inside it

Air pump built for Robert Boyle by Robert Hooke, 1660. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was a physicist and chemist who carried out many experiments on air, vacuum, combustion, and respiration

Luigi Galvanis experiments with electricity, 1791. An electrostatic machine, a Leyden jar and various experiments conducted by Italian physiologist Galvani (1737-1798)

Robert Boyles experiments with air pumps, 1725. Using this apparatus, similar to Guerickes water barometer, Boyle (1627-1691) found that water could only be raised 33ft 6ins

Faradays electromagnetic induction experiment, 1882. The inner coil is connected to a liquid battery, the outer coil to a galvanometer

Medal commemorating Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals. Van der Waals (1837-1923) won the 1910 Nobel prize for physics for his work on the equation defining the physical state of gases or

Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist. Van der Waals (1837-1923) won the 1910 Nobel prize for physics for his work on the equation defining the physical state of gases or liquids

Alessandro Voltas wet pile battery, 1800
Alessandro Voltas wet pile or battery, 1800. Italian physicist Volta (1745-1827) was the inventor of the voltaic pile, an early battery and the first source of current electricity

Blaise Pascal, 17th century French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and theologian, c1830. Artist: Henry Meyer
Blaise Pascal, 17th century French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and theologian, c1830. Credited with founding the modern theory of probability

Full sky microwave maps, 1990. All-sky microwave images at 3 frequencies constructed from preliminary data from the DMR (Different Microwave Radiometers)

Gravitational lens in CL0024+1654 Artist: W Collet
Gravitational lens in CL0024+1654. A gravitational lens occurs when light from a very distant, bright source (such as a quasar) is bent around a massive object (such as a galaxy)

Gravitation lens G2237+0305. Einstein Cross quasar. A gravitational lens occurs when light from a very distant, bright source (such as a quasar) is bent around a massive object (such as a galaxy)

Enrico Fermi, Italian-born American nuclear physicist, c1942. Fermi (1901-1954) constructed the first working nuclear reactor, in a squash court at the University of Chicago in 1942

Design for a pendulum clock, 1673. Note the cycloidal pendulum with cheeks (fig.II). In 1657 Christiaan Huygens began work on developing Galileos work on the pendulum

Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, early 17th century, (c1903). Kepler (1571-1630) went to Prague in 1600 to assist Tycho Brahe

Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, c1600, (c1870). Kepler (1571-1630) went to Prague in 1600 to assist Tycho Brahe. On Tychos death the following year

Kepler and Brahe at work together (c1600), c1870. German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), left, with the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1564-1601)

Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish chemist and physicist, 1739. Artist: George Vertue
Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish chemist and physicist, 1739. After attending school at Eton, Boyle (1627-1691), the seventh son of the 1st Earl of Cork, spent six years in Europe

James Prescott Joule, English physicist, c1895. Joule (1818-1889) was born at Salford near Manchester and studied chemistry under John Dalton

James Prescott Joule, English physicist, 1876. Joule (1818-1889) was born at Salford near Manchester and studied chemistry under John Dalton

James Prescott Joule, English physicist, 1875. Joule (1818-1889) was born at Salford near Manchester and studied chemistry under John Dalton

Joules apparatus for determining the mechanical equivalent of heat, 1881
Joules apparatus for determining the mechanical equivalent of heat, 1872. A vessel of water, oil or mercury encloses vanes attached to a spindle. Cord is wound round the cylinder and drum

Wilsons cloud chamber, c1927. Artist: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
Wilsons cloud chamber, c1927. Charles Thompson Rees Wilson (1869-1959), Scottish nuclear and atomic physicist, was award the 1927 Nobel prize for Physics for the invention of his cloud chamber

Transit of Venus, 1639, (1662). Artist: Johannes Hevelius
Transit of Venus, 1639, (1662). Polish astronmer Johannes Heveliuss engraving of Jeremiah Horrockss observations of the transit of Venus, 24 November 1639

James Jeans, English mathematician and physicist. Jeans (1877-1946) held the chair of applied mathematics at Princeton University (1905-1909), lectured at both Oxford and Cambridge

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