Physics Collection (page 5)

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1873. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1876. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Dr John Jeffries, American balloonist, 1786. Jeffries (1744-1819) during a balloon ascent to investigate the atmospheric temperature

Various pumps for raising water, 1816. Including a triple pump (top right) and a man-powered balance pump (bottom right). From Encyclopaedia Londinensis. (London, 1816)

Various pumps for draining ships, 1816. Including: 82: chain pump; 84: suction pump; 85: force pump. From Encyclopaedia Londinensis. (London, 1816)

The solar spectrum, 1814. Joseph von Fraunhofers (1787-1826) drawing of the lines of the solar spectrum, and above it a curve showing the intensity of sunlight in different parts of the spectrum

Von Guerickes demonstration of the power of air pressure, 1672. A platform was suspended from the bottom of an evacuated sphere made up of two copper hemispheres

Von Guerickes demonstration of the strength of a vacuum, 1654 (1672). The man on the right is using an air pump to create the vacuum

Experiment designed to show that air has weight, 1672. From Experimenta Nova ut vocantur Magdeburgica De Vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburg Experiments About the Vacuum by Otto von Guericke)

Robert Andrews Millikan, American physicist, 20th century. Millikan (1868-1953) was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for his determination of the charge of the electron

Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist, c1895. Fraunhofer (1787-1826) founded an optical institute at Munich in 1807. His improvements to prisms

Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist, 1870. Fizeau (1819-1896) measured the velocity of light on the Earths surface (1849). He used Dopplers principle to determine the velocity of stars in line of

Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist, 19th century. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

William Henry Bragg, English physicist, early 20th century
William Henry Bragg, English physicist, 20th century. The founder of X-ray crystallography, Bragg (1862-1942) is shown here using an X-ray spectrometer

David Brewster, Scottish physicist, 1868. Brewster (1781-1868) was editor of the Edinburgh Magazine, 1802 and the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1808. His scientific work was mainly in the field of optics

Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Artist: Simon Charles Miger
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Print celebrating the first ascent in a hydrogen-balloon, made by Charles (1746-1823) from the Tuileries, Paris, on 1 December 1783

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni, German physicist, c1895. Chladni (1756-1827) was a pioneer of acoustics who developed the technique where sand vibrated on a metal plate forms regular symmetrical

John Leslie (1766-1832), Scottish natural philosopher and physicist, lecturing, 19th century
John Leslie, Scottish natural philosopher and physicist, lecturing, 19th century. Leslie (1766-1832) was appointed Professor of Mathematics at Edinburgh in 1805 and of Natural Philosophy in 1819

Galileo observing the swaying of the chandelier in Pisa Cathedral, c1584 (1870). Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Mechanical advantage: The power of the lever, 1877. Lever of the second kind where effort is between the fulcrum and load. Resistance, A, is between power, B, and fulcrum, C

Denis Papin, French physicist, 1870. In 1675, Papin (1647-1712) went to London where he worked with Robert Boyle and invented the forerunner to the pressure cooker, the steam digester

Electric discharges in rarefied gases, 1892. 2, 3, 5 and 6: Geissler tubes. 1: fluorescence of sulphuret of calcium. 4: nitrogen vacuum (spirals of uranium glass). 7: hydrogen

Mock Sun with sunbows and halo, observed from the Arctic Circle, 1873. This phenomenon is caused by atmospheric refraction. From The Atmosphere by Camille Flammarion. (London, 1873)

Parhelia (mock suns) without haloes, observed in England in 1698, (1845). On this occasion the phenomenon, caused by atmospheric refraction, began at 8am when true Sun shone through watery cloud

Parhelia (mock suns) combined with a halo and rainbow, 1721 (1845). This phenomenon, caused by atmospheric refraction, was observed in England in 1721

Franklins kite experiment, c1752, (1869). Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) American scientist, statesman, diplomat, author, printer and publisher

Illustration of Hookes Law on elasticity of materials, showing stretching of a spring, 1678. Robert Hooke (1635-1703), English scientist and inventor, formulated his law in 1676

Luigi Galvani, 18th century Italian physiologist, 1880
Luigi Galvani, 18th century Italian physiologist, [1880]. Galvani (1737-1798) discovered animal electricity (voltaic or galvanic electricity)

Otto von Guericke, German inventor, engineer and physicist, 1672. Portrait from his Eperimenta Nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica, de vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburgian Experiments, as they are called)

Title page of Experimenta Nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica, de vacuo Spatio, (Amsterdam, 1672). New Magdeburgian Experiments, as they are called, relating to a Vacuum) by Otto von Guericke (1606-1686)

Georg Simon Ohm, 19th century German physicist, 1906. Ohm (1787-1854) discovered the law governing the relationships between voltage resistance and electric currents

Mr Punch thanking Marconi for wireless telegraphy which was saving lives at sea, 1913. Artist: Leonard Raven-Hill
Mr Punch thanking Marconi for wireless telegraphy which was saving lives at sea, 1913. Marconi (1874-1937) discovered a way in which waves could be used to send messages from one place to another

Guglielmo Marconi, Italian physicist and inventor and pioneer of wireless telegraphy, 1906. Marconi (1874-1937) discovered a way in which waves could be used to send messages from one place to

Replica of Marconis first transmitter used in his early experiments in Italy, 1894. Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), an Italian physicist and inventor

A General Display of Arts and Sciences, 1790. Artist: Reynolds Grignion
A General Display of Arts and Sciences, 1790. At first glance it seems that ancient science and technology is depicted, but a closer look shows not only Pythagoras (6th century BC)

Benjamin Franklin, American scientist, inventor and statesman, late 18th century. Franklin (1706-1790) was a member of the committee which drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776

Leclanche wet cell, an early storage battery, 1896. Invented by the French engineer Georges Leclanche (1839-1882), this was an early form of the zinc carbon (dry cell) battery

Leclanche wet cell, an early storage battery, 1887. Invented by the French engineer Georges Leclanche (1839-1882), this was an early form of the zinc carbon (dry cell) battery

Voltaic battery (pile), 1887. A battery of the type invented by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827). It consists of a disc of zinc, a disc of copper, a disc of cloth moistened with acid

Thomas Young (1773-1829), physicist and Egyptologist, 19th century
Thomas Young (1773-1829), English physicist and Egyptologist. Discovered the undulatory (wave) theory of light. Managed to decipher the Rosetta Stone

Leclanche wet cell, an early storage battery, 20th century. Invented by the French engineer Georges Leclanche (1839-1882), this was an early form of the zinc carbon (dry cell) battery

Albert Einstein (1879-1955), mathematical physicist, c1979. Medal awarded annually to deserving individuals for outstanding scientific findings, works, or publications related to Albert Einstein

Karl Guthe Jansky, American physicist and radio engineer, c1940. In 1932, while carrying out research into static that might interfere with voice radio transmissions

Georgius Agricola, 16th century German physician, mineralogist and metallurgist. Agricola (christened Georg Bauer) (1494-1555) was the author of De re metallica

Jean Bernard Leon Foucault (1819-1868), French physicist, 19th century. Known especially for his research on the speed of light, he also improved astronomical instruments, especially the telescope

Dmitiri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907), Russian chemist, c1900s
Dmitiri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907), Russian chemist, c.1900s. Famous for arranging the 63 known elements into a Periodic Table based on Atomic Mass

Particle accelerator tunnel, Cern, Geneva, 20th century
Particle accelerator tunnel, Cern, Geneva

Particle accelerator, Cern, Geneva, 20th century
Particle accelerator tunnel, Cern, Geneva, 20th century

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