Industrial Revolution Collection (page 9)

Stocking frame workshop, 1750. Women winding and reeling the yarn, and a man working the knitting frame. From The Universal Magazine, London, 1750

Thomas Robert Malthus, English economist and clergyman. Malthus (1766-1834) believed that population growth would outstrip food supplies, with disastrous results

Weaving shed fitted with Jacquard power looms, c1880. French silk-weaver and inventor Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a loom which used a punched card system to weave complicated patterns in textiles

Blowing cylinder or sheet glass, c1860
Blowing cylinder, sheet or window glass, c1860. This method of making sheet glass was introduced into England by Robert Lucas Chance in 1832

Wedgwood factory, Etruria, Hanley, Staffordshire, England. Josiah Wedgwoods (1730-1795) Ivy and Etruria works were the first in Britain to maufacture ceramics on an industrial scale

Wedgwood Etruria potteries, Hanley, Staffordshire. The factory viewed from the Etruria Canal which was constructed in order to transport finished wares from the potteries

Scene in a Staffordshire pottery factory, c1851. Mixing and grinding ingredients for the production of pottery in the factorys mill room

George Stephensons locomotive Rocket, 1829 (1859). On 11 October 1829 Rocket won the Rainhill Trials, a competition held to determine the engine to be used on the Liverpool to Manchester Railway

Sectional view of a mid-19th century steam railway locomotive, 1882. The illustration shows the workings of the locomotive, including the firebox and boiler tubes

George Stephensons locomotive Rocket, 1829 (1900). On 11 October 1829 Rocket won the Rainhill Trials, a competition held to determine the engine to be used on the Liverpool to Manchester Railway

Stourbridge Lion, steam locomotive, c1830 (1900). Built in England under the direction of Horatio Allen, this was first locomotive to be used in America, by the Boston & Hudson Railroad

Hedleys Puffing Billy, 1813 (1901). William Hedleys railway locomotive Puffing Billy was patented in 1813. It began work in that year and continued in use until 1872

Josiah Wedgwood, English industrialist and potter. Artist: W Holl
Josiah Wedgwood, English industrialist and potter. Wedgwood (1730-1795) is credited with the industrialisation of pottery manufacture at his factories

Worsted manufacturing, c1845. A man, woman and small boy working a wheel for combing long staple wool into slivers for worsted manufacture

Carding, drawing and roving cotton, c1830. A carding engine (left) delivers cotton in a single sliver. The factory is operated by shafts and belting, which could be powered by water or steam

The Aire and Calder Navigation, Leeds, Yorkshire, 1828. Artist: J Shury
The Aire and Calder Navigation, Leeds, Yorkshire, 1828. View showing shipping, warehousing and smoking chimneys in the background. From History of the County of Yorks

Weaving shed fitted with rows of power looms driven by belt and shafting, c1840

Boring the cylinder of the Britannia Press at the Bank Quay Foundry, Warrington, 1851. Boring the cylinder for the hydraulic press (lift)

Casting the cylinder of the Britannia Press at the Bank Quay Foundry, Warrington, 1851. Casting the cylinders for the hydraulic press (lift)

Casting a mortar at Grissells Regents Canal Ironworks, City Road, London, 1855. A Nasmyth safety ladle (invented 1838) is being used. From The Illustrated London News, December 29 1855

The foundry or cast house, Butterley Ironworks, Derbyshire, 1844. Tapping the furnace and casting iron into pigs. A manager in top hat and tail coat watches the procedure

Potter at work at the Wedgwoods Etruria factory, Hanley, Staffordshire, c1830. An assistant turns a wheel to operate the belt driving the potters wheel

Schematic view of a Newcomen steam engine, early 19th century. Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) designed his atmospheric or steam engine in 1712

Matthew Boulton (1728-1809), English engineer and industrialist
Matthew Boulton, English engineer and industrialist. Works owner Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) and Scottish engineer and inventor James Watt (1736-1819)

Threshing machine by Andrew Meikle, Scottish inventor and millwright, 1811. Top: original form of the machine powered by horses. Bottom: improved form powered by a water wheel

Richard Arkwright (1732-1792), British industrialist and inventor. Arkwright was the inventor of textile manufacturing machinery which included the first practical means of mechanical spinning using

The first cotton mill at Cromford, Derbyshire, and Richard Arkwrights house, 1836. Arkwright (1732-1792) was the inventor of textile manufacturing machinery which included the first practical means

Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English civil and mechanical engineer. Obverse of a medal commemorating his ship the Great Eastern

Matthew Boulton, English entrepreneur, industrialist and engineer, 1809. English works owner Boulton (1728-1809) (front) and Scottish engineer and inventor James Watt (1736-1819)

Matthew Boulton and James Watt, British engineers and industrialists, 1871. Artist: J Moore
Matthew Boulton and James Watt, British engineers and industrialists, 1871. English works owner Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) (front) and Scottish engineer and inventor Watt (1736-1819)

Boy putter dragging a sledge of coal along a narrow seam, South Wales, 1848. From A Treatise on the Winning and Working of Collieries by Matthias Dunn. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1848)

Basin of the Caledonian Ship Canal at Muirtown near Inverness, Scotland, 1822. Built by Thomas Telford between Inverness and Fort William, the Caledonian Canal opened on 24 October 1822

Rolle Canal and Aqueduct, near Torrington, Devon, 1829. Artist: T Dixon
Rolle Canal and Aqueduct, near Torrington, Devon, 1829. Horses drawing tub boats over the aqueduct. The Rolle Canal was built at the instigation of Lord Rolle to link his estates corn mills with

Bank of furnaces, Lymington Iron Works, Tyneside, England, 1835. By this time the Nielsen hot blast process, invented in 1824, was in general use

Junction of Regents Canal at Paddington Basin, London, 1828. The Regents Canal, connecting the Paddington Canal and the Thames at Limehouse, was opened in 1820

Canal boat, 1796. Artist: Robert Fulton
Canal boat, 1796. A canal boat for passengers and freight with framework for a tarpaulin (top) and covered with the tarpaulin (bottom)

Cotton manufacture: mule spinning, c1830. A self-acting mule of the type devised by Richard Roberts in 1825. Roberts spinning mule produced better yarn than any other machine

Gasworks on Regents Canal, London, 1828
Gas works on Regents Canal, London, 1828. A barge on the Regents Canal passing in front of a gasworks. The Regents Canal, connecting the Paddington Canal and the Thames at Limehouse

Spinning cotton with self-acting mules of the type devised by Richard Roberts in 1825 (c1835). These could be powered by water wheel or steam engine

The Factory Children, 1814. Artist: George Walker of Seacroft
The Factory Children, 1814. Boy and girl employees walk to work carrying the days food in baskets. In the background is a typical West Riding mill for wool or cotton

Interior of the Cloth Hall, Leeds, 1814. Artist: George Walker of Seacroft
Interior of the Cloth Hall, Leeds, 1814. This building was one of the great centres for the sale of woollen cloth. Merchants are bargaining over bolts/pieces of fabric

Robert Peel, British industrialist. Peel (1750-1830) made his fortune in the cotton industry. He was the father of the statesman Robert Peel. Engraving after a portrait by Thomas Lawrence

Patrick Bell (1799-1869), Scottish clergyman and inventor, 1868. In c1827 Bell invented a mechanical reaper which Cyrus McCormick later perfected

Low rental workmens dwellings built by the Birkenhead Dock Co, c1844 (c1860). Elevation showing blocks of 3 houses of 4 floors, each divided into 2 dwellings with a living room

Potters workshop, c1860. A woman turns the wheel while a girl baller supplies the potter with lumps of clay of the correct weight for the next vessel to be thrown

Throwing an earthenware vessel, c1860. A belt-driven wheel of the type used at the Wedgwood and Copeland factories. The speed of the wheel is regulated by the boy raising or lowering a belt

Railway steam locomotive designed in 1849 by English engineer Thomas Russell Crampton. Cramptons (1816-1888) design featured a low-pitched boiler

View of Leeds, Yorkshire, early 19th century. The economy of Leeds was based on the wool industry. The citys prosperity was greatly increased in the Industrial Revolution by the construction of

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