Industrial Revolution Collection (page 10)

Title page of Essay on the Principle of Population by Thomas Malthus, 1806. Artist: Thomas Malthus
Title page of Essay on the Principle of Population by Thomas Malthus, 1806. Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), English cleric and economist

James Watt, Scottish engineer. James Watt (1736-1819) was the son of a Scottish shipbuilder and showed an interest in invention at an early age

Newcomen steam engine, 1737. Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) designed his atmospheric or steam engine in 1712. Water was heated in the boiler and the resulting steam was let into the cylinder

Spinning Jenny, 1820. The Spinning Jenny was invented by James Hargreaves (c1720-1778) in 1764. On his original machine, a single wheel controlled eight spindles rather than the single spindle

Sectional view of Strutts model cotton mills, Belper, Derbyshire, England, 1820. Artist: William Lowry
Sectional view of Strutts model cotton mills, Belper, Derbyshire, England, 1820. Power was generated by the water wheel and distributed via a shaft and belting

Newcomen steam engine, 1747. Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) designed his atmospheric or steam engine in 1712. Water was heated in the boiler and the resulting steam was let into the cylinder

Model of a Newcomen steam engine, 1856. It was while repairing this engine that James Watt (1736-1819) is said to have invented the separate condenser

James Watt, Scottish engineer, 19th century. Artist: Robert G Bell
James Watt, Scottish engineer. James Watt (1736-1819) was the son of a Scottish shipbuilder and showed an interest in invention at an early age

Grinding needle points, Redditch, England, c1830. A grindstone driven by water or steam. Needle grinding was well-paid work but the lives of grinders were short owing to the inhalation of dust

Die-stamping the channel and eye position on needle wires, Redditch, England, c1835. The operation used a foot-operated 13.6kg hammer

Greenfield Brass Mill near Holywell, Flintshire, Wales, 1792. Artist: WC Wilson
Greenfield Brass Mill near Holywell, Flintshire, Wales, 1792. Illustration showing industrialisation in the rural landscape

Copperworks near Holywell, Flintshire, Wales owned by the Mona Company, 1792. Artist: William Watts
Copperworks near Holywell, Flintshire, Wales owned by the Mona Company, 1792. Illustration showing industrialisation in the rural landscape. Copper was mined on Anglesey (Mona)

The Staffordshire Girl, late 18th-early 19th century. Artist: WN Gardner
The Staffordshire Girl, late 18th-early 19th century. A girl is decorating Staffordshire ware in a factory, with a pottery kiln in the background

James Nasmyths steam hammer erected in his foundry near Manchester in 1832. Artist: James Nasmyth
James Nasmyths steam hammer erected in his foundry near Manchester in 1832. The steam hammer was invented by the Scottish engineer and inventor James Nasmyth (1808-1890)

A Jacquard Loom, 1915. A power-operated development of Joseph Marie Jacquards (1752-1834) invention, showing swags of punched cards on which the pattern to be woven was encoded

Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834), French silk-weaver and inventor

Jacquard loom, with swags of punched cards from which pattern was woven, 1876

Man operating machine punching cards for Jacquard looms, 1844
Man operating machine punching cards for Jacquard looms. A total of 400-800 was normal, but sometimes 24, 000 were worked. From George Dodd The Textile Manufactures of Great Britain. (London, 1844)

Preparing punched cards for a Jacquard loom, 1844. The loom had a card for each weft thread of pattern. A total of 400-800 was normal, but sometimes 24, 000 were worked

Medal commemorating the centenary of the birth of George Stephenson, railway engineer, 1881
Medal commemorating the centenary of the birth of George Stephenson, British railway engineer (1781-1848), 1881. It shows the Rocket

Niagara Cast Iron Bridge, New York, USA, c1855-c1860
Niagara Cast Iron Bridge, New York, USA. The railway bridge connecting Canada and the USA across the Niagara River was engineered by John Augustus Roebling

Menai Bridge (from the Anglesea Side), 1830. Artist: Thomas Barber
Menai Bridge (from the Anglesea Side), 1830. Thomas Telfords suspension bridge over the Menai Straits was built in 1820-1826

Stephensons Rocket winning the Rainhill Trials, 14 October 1829 (1898). George Stephensons (1781-1848) locomotive Rocket winning the competition held at Rainhill, Merseyside

Woman carrying a load of coal up a turnpike spiral stair, Scottish, 1848
Woman carrying a load of coal up a turnpike spiral stair, Scottish. From Matthias Dunn A Treatise on the Winning and Working of Collieries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1848. Engraving

Women workers hauling coal to the surface up a ladder. Leading woman has lost her load and the woman following is in danger of being hurt buy falling coal and and falling off the ladder

Women climbing ladders to carry coal up a mineshaft, Scotland, early 19th century. From L. Simonin Mines and Miners, London, c1865. Wood engraving

The Tunnel, 1831. Artist: Henry Pyall
The Tunnel, 1831. The worlds first passenger railway, the Liverpool and Manchester opened on 15 September 1830. Its principal engineer was George Stephenson (1781-1848)

Gas works for lighting town or large district, 1819. Artist: Friedrich Accum
Gas works for lighting town or large district. 1: Collapsing gas holder. 2: Retort House. 3: Purifying House with lime machine. 4: Directors Office. From Frederick Accum Coal Gas, London, 1819

Charging retorts at the Gas Light Establishment, Brick Lane, London, 1822. Artist: Colin Mackenzie
Charging retorts at the Gas Light Establishment, Brick Lane, London. From Colin Mackenzie One Thousand Experiments in Chemistry, London, 1822. Aquatint

Bridgewater Canal crossing the River Irwell by a viaduct, England. In foreground Hobblers are pulling boat on river. Constructed by the engineer, James Brindley (1716-72). Hand-coloured engraving

Lord Shaftesbury, English statesman, moral philosopher, philanthropist and factory reformer, c1880
Earl of Shaftesbury, English statesman, moral philosopher, philanthropist and factory reformer, c1880. Anthony Ashley Cooper

The Tilt Forge, c1845-1866. Artist: Godfrey Sykes
The Tilt Forge, c1845-1866. Iron workers at a battery of mechanical tilt hammers

Industrial landscape, Wales, 19th century. Artist: Penry Williams
Industrial landscape, Wales, 19th century. An ironworks at night, the blast furnace in the centre

Trade Union Scroll, 1851. Amalgamated Society of Engineers, Machinists, Millwrights, Smiths and Pattern-Makers scroll which would be presented to members

Menai Suspension Bridge, Wales, c1826. Broadsheet on Thomas Telfords suspension bridge across the Menai Straits joining the Welsh mainland and Angelsey, built between 1820 and 1826

Machine Room in a Steam Sewing Factory, 1854. This view is of Holloway, Crowe & Holloways clothing factory, Stroud, Gloucestershire, England

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