Chemistry Collection (page 8)

Chemistry, furnace utensils, 1751-1777. Artist: Denis Diderot
Chemistry, furnace utensils, 1751-1777. A print from the Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonne des Sciences, des Arts et des Metiers by Diderot & d Alembert, 1751-1777. Private Collection

Characters of Chemistry, 1751-1777. Artist: Valentina Baratti
Characters of Chymie, 1751-1777. A print from the Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonne des Sciences, des Arts et des Metiers by Diderot & d Alembert, 1751-1777. Private Collection

Frederick Augustus Abel (1827-1902). English chemist and inventor, 1893
Frederick Augustus Abel (1827-1902), English chemist and inventor, 1893. Together with James Dewar, Abel invented the explosive cordite. He also devised a new method for manufacturing gun-cotton

Men taking a break from charging the retorts, Lambeth Gasworks, 1872
Men taking a break from charging the retorts while colleagues in background take their turn in the inferno, Lambeth Gasworks, 1872

Spectroscopy. A spectrosopist observing (top). At the bottom, from left to right; absorption spectra of indigo, chromic chloride and magenta

Michael Faraday, British physicist and chemist, mid 19th century. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Michael Faraday, British physicist and chemist, 1881. Top left: reading when apprenticed to Riebau as a bookbinder; top right; experimenting; bottom

William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, 1908. Artist: Spy
William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, 1908. Ramsay (1852-1916) discovered four of the inert gases, Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon, for which he won the the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1904

William Crookes, British physicist and chemist, 1903. Artist: Spy
William Crookes, British physicist and chemist, 1903. Crookes (1832-1919) holding the discharge tube which carries his name

Pierre and Marie Curie, French physicists, 1904. Polish-born Marie Curie and her husband Pierre continued the work on radioactivity started by Henri Becquerel

Louis Pasteur, French chemist and founder of modern bacteriology, 1887. Pasteur (1822-1895) holding rabbits used in his work on hydrophobia (rabies)

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, British scientist, 1899. Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919) isolated the element Argon, one of the noble (inert) gases

Henri Moissan, French chemist, 1900. Moissan (1852-1907) at his desk at the Edison workshops, Paris, where he worked on the production of artificial diamonds

Jons Jacob Berezelius, Swedish chemist, c1890. Berzelius (1779-1848) introduced modern chemical symbols. He discovered the elements selenium, thorium and cerium, and was first to isolate others

Distillation, 1882. Cross-section showing a furnace heating a still. Matter distilled is discharged through the beak of the alembic and is condensed in the worm that runs through the refrigerator

Chemist, 1508. A chemist or alchemist is using bellows to heat up the fire under a crucible. Behind him an alembic standing on a furnace is being used for distillation

Retort House, Great Central Gas Works, Bow Common, London, 1866
Retort House, Great Central Gas Works, Bow Common, London. It was here that Croll introduced the burning of incandescent coke as fuel immediately as it had been taken from retorts, saving10%

Retort House, Imperial Gasworks, Kings Road, London, 1876
Retort House, Imperial Gasworks, Kings Road, London. Wood engraving, 1876

Quenching coke, South Metropolitan Gas Companys works, East Greenwich, London, 1891. Wood engraving

The condensers at the South Metropolitan Gas Companys works, East Greenwich, London, 1891. Wood engraving

Illustration showing the working spaces of a gas works, 1828: l: Retort House. 2: Tar cistern. 3: Condenser. 5, 6: Gasholder. 7: Office. 8: Workshops

Sectional view of Liverpool Gas Works, 1860. Artist: Charles Partington
Sectional view of Liverpool Gas Works, 1860. Where, according to Muspratt, the purest gas in the kingdom is produced. From Sheridan Muspratt Chemistry, London, 1860

Mendeleyevs first Periodic Table of Elements, 1869. Artist: Dmitri Mendeleev
Mendeleyevs first Periodic Table of Elements. From his Principles of Chemistry, St Petersburg, 1869

Nitroglycerin processing plant, explosives factory, Val Bormida, near Cengio, Italy, 1888
Nitroglycerin processing plant, explosives factory, Val Bormida, near Cengio, north-west Italy, 1888. Nitroglycerin was mixed with Kieselghur (a diatomaceous earth) to produce Dynamite

Women packing dynamite cartridges, 1888. Explosives factory at Val Bormida, near Cengio, north-west Italy. Nitroglycerin was mixed with Kieselghur (a diatomaceous earth) to produce Dynamite

Inflation of Charles and the Robert brothers hydrogen balloon, 1783 (c1807). Jean and Noel Robert helping Jacques Charles (1746-1823)

Inflating a hydrogen balloon, 1845. Hydrogen is produced by covering barrels of iron filings with sulphuric acid. The gas is then fed into the balloon

Joseph Wilson Swan, c1880
Joseph Wilson Swan, English chemist and physicist, c1880. Swan (1828-1914), pioneer of electric lighting and inventor of bromide photographic paper

Jean Augustin Barral (1819-1884), French agricultural chemist, 1884. Barral was the first to extract nicotine from tobacco leaf

Interior of Marston Salt Mine, Northwich, Cheshire, England, c1880. This shows how pillars of rock have been left to support the roof

South Durham Salt Works, 1884. Loading crystallised salt into railway wagons. Brine would be pumped up from the borehole, purified, then crystallised

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