Chemistry Collection (page 7)

Spectroscope, 1882. A spectroscope of the type used by Gustave Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) in studying the emission spectra of heated chemical elements

Casellis pantelegraph, 1874. This device, invented by the Italian abbot and inventor Giovanni Caselli (1815-1891) was effectively an early fax machine

Berthold Schwart, 14th century German Franciscan monk and alchemist, 1901. Schwart (fl 1320) is supposed to be the first European to discover gunpowder. Illustration from Le Petit Journal, Paris, 1901

Gas lighting, 1814. Fig. 1: Samuel Cleggs (1781-1861) gas apparatus (1808). Fig. 7: B Cooks gas apparatus. Figs 8&9: Furnace for producing tar as a gas by-product. From Encyclopaedia Londinensis

Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and inventor. In 1866 Swedish chemist and industrialist Nobel (1833-1896) invented a safe and manageable form of nitroglycerine he called dynamite

Michael Faraday lecturing on electricity and magnetism, Royal Institution, London, 1846
Michael Faraday lecturing on electricity and magnetism, Royal Institution, London, 23 January 1846. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Wallace Hume Carothers, American industrial chemist, c1927-1937. Carothers (1896-1937), seen here in the laboratory, discovered nylon while working for the Dupont Company in 1927

Distillation, 1500. The Rosenhut, a form of still. From Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus by Hieronymus Braunschweig. (Strasbourg, 1500)

Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1881. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1881. Playfair (1818-1898) in the chair as Deputy Speaker of the Commons during a late night session

Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish chemist and physicist, 1739. Artist: George Vertue
Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish chemist and physicist, 1739. After attending school at Eton, Boyle (1627-1691), the seventh son of the 1st Earl of Cork, spent six years in Europe

Industrial laboratory at Thomas Firth & Sons Norfolk Works, Sheffield, c1900. Thomas Firth & Sons Ltd was founded c1840 by Mark Firth

James Prescott Joule, English physicist, c1895. Joule (1818-1889) was born at Salford near Manchester and studied chemistry under John Dalton

James Prescott Joule, English physicist, 1876. Joule (1818-1889) was born at Salford near Manchester and studied chemistry under John Dalton

James Prescott Joule, English physicist, 1875. Joule (1818-1889) was born at Salford near Manchester and studied chemistry under John Dalton

Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1882. Playfair (1818-1898) on the first day of the new session in the Commons

Chemical lecture, 1802. Artist: James Gillray
Chemical lecture; Scientific Researches! - New Discoveries in Pneumaticks! or - an Experimental Lecture on the Powers of Air!, 1802

L Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, 1887. First year students doing practical work in the laboratory

Soap manufacturing, c1905. The Vinolia Soap Companys London laboratory where raw materials and essential oils were tested

Sir Humphrey Davy, English chemist, 1803. Artist: C Turner
Sir Humphrey Davy, English chemist, 1803. Whilst at the Pneumatic Institute in Bristol, Davy discovered the anaesthetic effects of laughing gas (nitrous oxide)

Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist and physician, 16th century. Artist: Wenceslaus Hollar
Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist, physician and pioneer of medical chemistry, 16th century

Sir William Crookes, English physicist and chemist, c1900s. Artist: Spy
Sir William Crookes, English physicist and chemist, c1900s. After studying at the Royal College of Chemistry, London, Crookes went on to make significant contributions in several fields of science

Robert Bunsen, German chemist, 1850s. Artist: C Cook
Robert Bunsen, German chemist, 1850s. Signed portrait; Bunsen (1811-1899) is widely considered one of the greatest experimental chemists of the 19th century

Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1890-1894. Artist: W&D Downey
Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1890-1894. Playfair (1818-1898) studied chemistry at Glasgow under Thomas Graham, and under Liebig at Giessen

Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1877. Artist: Lock & Whitfield
Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1877. Playfair (1818-1898) studied chemistry at Glasgow under Thomas Graham, and under Liebig at Giessen

The Hermetic Vessel, c1760. A hermetic vessel in the alchemical furnace. The serpent within the vase symbolises the earthy substances of which the Philosophers Stone is made

Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist, c1890-c1907(?). One of the greatest figures in the history of chemistry, Mendeleev (1834-1907)

Iron Pyrites

Sulphur from Sicily

Children of the Sklodowski family, Polish, c1870-1875. Left to right: Zosia, Hela, Maria (Marie Curie 1867-1934), Joseph and Bronya

Radium experiment, 1904. Artist: Poyet
Radium experiment, 1904. Paths of alpha, beta, and gamma particles from a radium sample placed between the poles of an electromagnet, as used in Marie and Pierre Curies laboratory, Paris

Murex, c1890. The mollusc which inhabited this shell was the source of Tyrian Purple dye

Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927), Swedish physicist and chemist in his laboratory, 1909. Arrhenius work covered a wide range of subjects including immunology, cosmic physics and environmental issues

Thomas Andrews (1813-1885), Irish physical chemist. Andrews discovered the critical temperature of gases, that above which they cannot be liquified, no matter how great the pressure applied

The Eleventh Key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk and alchemist, 1651
The eleventh key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk and alchemist, 1651. Symbolising multiplication, two lions represent sulphur consumed by mercury being transformed

The Sixth Key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk and alchemist, 1651. The marriage of the alchemical king (gold) and queen (silver)

Distillation of nitric acid (Aqua fortis or parting acid) in an iron man with two noses, 1689. From Philio-Chemico-Medicus by Christopher Packe (1689)

Alchemical symbol representing the transmutation of base metal into silver and gold, 1652. The transmutation of base metal (Earth at bottom) into gold (Sun) and silver (Moon)

Frontispiece of Magia Naturalis by Johannes Baptista della Porta, 1715. The picture includes a number of essential alchemical features such as the philosophers egg

The Eighth Key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk, 1651. Symbolising the purification of metals through death and resurrection

Louis Pasteur, 1885. Artist: Albert Edelfelt
Louis Pasteur, 1885. Pasteur (1822-1895), French chemist and biologist at work in his laboratory. Pasteur developed the pasteurisation process which kills pathogens in milk, wine and foods

Joseph Black, Scottish chemist, 1787. Artist: John Kay
Joseph Black, Scottish chemist, 1787. Black (1728-1799), who discovered carbon dioxide and bicarbonates and formulated the theory of latent heat, lecturing at Glasgow in 1787

Karl Bosch, German chemist, c1930s. In 1910 Bosch (1874-1940) and Fritz Haber patented the Haber-Bosch process for the industrial production of ammonia

Hermes the Egyptian, alchemist, 17th century. Hermes Trismegistus, the legendary fount of occult and alchemical knowledge

Jabir Ibn Hayyan, Abu Musa, Arab chemist and alchemist. Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Al Jabir) (c721-c815) was court physician to Harun al-Rashid. He is also known as Geber in Latin

The Hermetic Androgyne, late 17th century. Miniature from a German manuscript. King=Sun=Gold, Queen=Moon=Silver, Dragon=Mercury=Volatility and so transmutation

Title page of La Tres Sainte Trinosophie, 18th century. A cabbalistic-alchemical manuscript attributed to the Comte de Sainte-Germain, showing symbols summarising Hermetism

Antoine Cesar Becquerel (1788-1878), French physicist, 1878. Antoine Cesar Becquerel was the first to use electrolysis for separating metals from their ores

Oswald Theodore Avery, Canadian-born American bacteriologist and molecular biologist. Pictured at work in a laboratory examining a Petri dish of culture

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