Arithmetic Collection (page 10)

Pascals digital counting machine of 1642, 1751-1780
Blaise Pascals (1623-1664) digital counting machine (1642) showing (top) two of the train of number wheels which were viewed through windows in the casing of the machine

Hollerith tabulator, 1894
Hollerith tabulator which used a punched card memory system, 1894. First used in the US cenusus of 1890

George and Edward Scheutzs calculating machine. Based on Babbages difference engine, it was developed between 1837 and 1843. Purchased for Dudley Observatory, Albany, New York

Construction of the St Gotthard Tunnel beneath the Alps, 1880. The tunnel was built to link Italy and Switzerland by rail

Lord Kelvin, Scottish physicist and mathematician, 1897. Artist: Spy
Lord Kelvin, Scottish physicist and mathematician, 1897. Born William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) was educated at Glasgow and Cambridge

Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French soldier, navigator and mathematician, c1890. Bougainville (1729-1811) was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1756 while secretary to the French Embassy in

George Boole, English mathematician and logician, 1865
George Boole (1815-65). English mathematician and logician, 1865. Wood engraving

Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970), British philosopher and mathematician. Nobel prize for literature 1950

Pythagoras (560-480 BC), Greek philosopher and scientist, demonstrating mathematical relationships. Recognised mathematical relationship between length of vibrating string, column of air

Stephen William Hawking (b. 1942), British theoretical physicist
Stephen William (b.1942), British theoretical physicist. Mathematics of space-time curvature (black-holes) and Big Bang theory. Sufferer from Motorneurone disease

Babbages difference machine, 1864. Artist: Charles Babbage
Babbages difference machine. From Charles Babbage Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, London, 1864. Engraving

Christopher Wren, English architect, mathematician and physicist, 1833. Wren (1632-1723) is best remembered for his rebuilding of St Pauls Cathedral

Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and mathematician recanting, 1633 (1880). One of the greatest scientists of all time, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Isaac Barrow (1630-1677), English mathematician and cleric. Barrow became Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge 1663, a post from which he resigned in 1669 to make way for Isaac Newton

Robert Stawell Ball (1840-1913), Irish astronomer and mathematician, c1890. A populariser of science, Ball served as Lord Rosses astronomer at Parsonstown, in Ireland

Lord Kelvin, Irish-born Scottish mathematician and physicist, c1900. Born William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) was educated at Glasgow and Cambridge

John Dee, English Alchemist, Geographer and Mathematician, c1590 (18th century)
John Dee, English Alchemist, Geographer and Mathematician, c1590. Copperplate engraving, 18th century

Dizzys Arithmetic, 1865 Artist: John Tenniel
Dizzys Arithmetic, 1865. Pam remarks Now, then, Youngster, You ve No Call to be a Chalking that Wall; and if You Must do a Sum, You might as well do it Right

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