Images Dated 15th August 2006 (page 5)

Organistrum, 9th century, (1870). A fore-runner of the hurdy-gurdy, the organistrum was mainly a religious instrument which gave a constant sound, due to its bass string

A performer on the psalterion, 14th century, (1870). Psaltery or psalterion player. A wood engraving after a miniature from a manuscript in the Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris

A psaltery player, 9th century, (1870). A performer on the psaltery or psalterion. A wood engraving after a miniature from a manuscript in the Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris

Organ with a single keyboard, 14th century, (1870). A wood engraving after a miniature in a Latin psalter from the Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris

Astronomical clock of Strasbourg Cathedral, 1573, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Great organ with bellows and double keyboard, 12th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Portable clock, 14th-16th century, (1870). A wood engraving of a clock made during the time of the Valois, the dynasty that occupied the throne of France between 1328 and 1589

A French hour glass, 16th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

The Clockmaker, 16th century, (1870). Artist: Jost Amman
The Clockmaker, 16th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

The Corporation of the Goldsmiths of Paris carrying the Shrine of St Genevieve, 17th century, (1870)
The Goldsmiths of Paris carrying the Shrine of St Genevieve, 17th century, (1870). A wood engraving showing the Corporation of the Goldsmiths carrying the Shrine of St Genevieve (c419-512 AD)

The studio of Etienne Delaune, 1576, (1870). Artist: Etienne Delaune
The studio of Etienne Delaune, 1576, (1870). A wood engraving of the interior of the workshop of Etienne Delaune (1518-1583), French goldsmith, artist, printmaker and medallist

German table ornament of enamelled and gilt copper, late 16th century, (1870). Artist: Franz Kellerhoven
German table ornament of enamelled and gilt copper, late 16th century, (1870). Ornament in the form of a man carrying a barrel, and holding a staff entwined with a vine

The labours of Hercules, 16th century, (1870). When Hercules went to search for the golden apples of the Hesperides, he wrestled Antaeus to pass through his country of Libya

Bishops crozier, Cathedral of Metz, 14th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Abbots crozier, 13th century, (1870). A wood engraving of an enamelled crozier, made in Limoges, France. Illustration from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance

Chalice, said to be of Saint-Remy, (1870). A wood engraving of an object found in the treasury of the church of Notre-Dame de Rheims

Shrine, 12th century, (1870). A wood engraving of an enamelled shrine in Limoges work of the 12th century. Illustration from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance

Byzantine reliquary, 10th century, (1870). A wood engraving of a religious item brought from the Christian orthodox monastery of Mount Athos in Greece

The diadem of Charlemagne, c8th century, (1870). Crown belonging to the Frankish king and emperor Charlemagne (742-814 AD), preserved at the Weltliche Schatzkammer (Imperial Treasury) in Vienna

Sword of Charlemagne, c8th century, (1870). Sword belonging to the Frankish king and emperor Charlemagne (742-814 AD), preserved at the Weltliche Schatzkammer (Imperial Treasury) in Vienna, Austria

Sedan chair of Charles V, 14th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Henry VIII in the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 1520, (1870). A wood engraving after bas-reliefs in the Hotel of the Bourg Herold, Rouen

Entrance of the Queen Isabeau of Bavaria into Paris, c1500, (1870). Artist: Franz Kellerhoven
Entrance of the Queen Isabeau of Bavaria into Paris, c1500, (1870). Isabel was Queen Consort of France (1385-1422) after marrying Charles VI

The caparison of the horse of Queen Isabella of Spain, 15th century, (1870)
The caparison of Queen Isabella of Spains horse, 15th century, (1870). The caparison of the horse of Isabel the Catholic, (reigned 1474-1505)

A medieval knight armed and mounted for war, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Spurs, 13th-16th century, (1870). German spur (top), and Italian spur, (below). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

A knight entering the lists, c1460-1465, (1870). Entering the lists means to give or accept a challenge or to be involved in combat

The carruca, 9th century, (1870). A wood engraving after a 9th century manuscript in the Royal Library, Brussels. Illustration from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance

Hand cannon (or Baton a feu), 15th century, (1870). Illustration after a piece of tapestry belonging to the Church of Notre Dame de Nantilly, Saumur

Battleaxe and pistol, 16th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Mangonel, an engine of war in the 15th century, (1870). A mangonel was a type of catapult or siege engine used to throw projectiles at the walls of a city or castle

Earliest models of cannon, the Tower of London, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Bombards on fixed and rolling carriages, (1870). A wood engraving from a medieval manuscript in the Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris

Engine for throwing stones, (1870). A wood engraving from a miniature showing a medieval device for launching projectiles, from the Chevalier au Cygne in the Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris

Francois, Duke of Anjou and Alencon, in damascened armour, 16th century, (1870). Damascened work is steel inlaid with gold or other metals

Armour ornamented with lions, supposed to be that of of Louis XII, 15th century, (1870). Suit of armour which may have belonged to Louis XII, King of France 1498-1515

Frankish archers, 15th century, (1870). A wood engraving of the painted hangings in the town of Rheims. Illustration from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance

Crossbowman protected by shield bearers, 15th century, (1870). A wood engraving after a miniature from the Chronicals of Froissart in the Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris

Convex armour said to be that of Maximilian, 15th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Helmets from the Armeria Real, Madrid, (1870). Artist: Franz Kellerhoven
Helmets from the Armeria Real, Madrid, (1870). Casque, morion and other types of helmet, with and without visors, from the Royal Armoury in Madrid

Helmets, 13th and 15th centuries, (1870). The helmet of Hughes, Vidame of Chalons, 13th century, and a tournament helmet, screwed on the breastplate, late 15th century

Knight in his hauberk, (1870), A hauberk is a shirt of mail armour. A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

John Lackland, as represented on his seal, 12th century, (1870). John I Lackland, King of England, (Jean Sansterre in French), was the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

Enamelled dish by Bernard Palissy, 16th century, (1870). Palissy (1510-1590) was a French potter and the inventor of rustic ware. He used examples from nature to make moulds for his ceramic pieces

A lancer of Williams army, Bayeux Tapestry, c1070s, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Vessel of Henri II ware, 16th century, (1870). Artist: Franz Kellerhoven
Vessel of Henri II ware, 16th century, (1870). A chromolithographic print from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

Paving tiles of the 14th and 15th century, (1870). Artist: Franz Kellerhoven
Paving tiles of the 14th and 15th century, (1870). A chromolithographic print from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

The Weaver, 16th century, (1870). Artist: Jost Amman
The Weaver, 16th century, (1870). A wood engraving from The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix, (London, 1870)

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