Scientist Collection (page 19)

Julius Ferdinand Hann, Austrian meteorologist, c1921
Julius Ferdinand Hann, c1921. Portrait of Hann (1839-1921) from a commemorative medal issued by the Austrian Meteorological Society

Manuel John Johnson, English astronomer, 1862. Johnson (1805-1859) observed the total solar eclipse of 27 July 1832 while in charge of the St Helena observatory

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, German physicist and physiologist, 1907. The inventor of the opthalmoscope (1850)

Wilhelm Konrad von Rontgen, German physicist, 1902. In 1895, while professor of physics at Wurzburg, (Rontgen (1845-1913) discovered X-rays, originally called Rontgen rays

James Hutton, Scottish geologist, 18th century, (1875). Hutton (1726-1797) first published his Theory of the Earth in 1785, then an expanded version in 1795

Nicolas Lemery, French pharmacist and chemist, 1874
Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715), 1874. Lemery (1645-1715) gave popular demonstrations in his lecture room. In 1675 he published his Cours de chymie which ran to 13 editions in his lifetime

Ebenezer Sibly, British astrologer and physician, late 18th century. The vignette beneath the portrait shows a physician taking a patients pulse by the wayside

Funeral of Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1882. After his death at Down House, his home for forty years, the body of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was brought to Westminster Abbey, London, where

Charles Darwin in the sand walk at Down House, c1870 (1887). English naturalist Darwin (1809-1882) spent much time walking and thinking in his garden at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, in his study, c1870 (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) lived at Down House, Beckenham, Kent for forty years

Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, 1887. Garden view of the home for forty years of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1884. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

Thomas Alva Edison at Menlo Park, late 1880s. Edison (1847-1931), American physicist and inventor in his laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey

John Dalton, English chemist, c1834 (1902). As a Quaker, Dalton (1766-1844) could not attend an English university, so supported himself by teaching

Thomas Alva Edison, 1888
Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, 1888. Edison (1847-1931) listening to a recording on his phonograph. This is an electric model powered by a bichromate cell (left)

Thomas Alva Edison, American physicist and inventor, 1929. Obverse of a medal celebrating the 50th anniversary of Edisons (1847-1931) invention of the incandescent lamp in 1879

Jean Baptiste von Helmont, Belgian physician and chemist, 1870. Helmont (1579-1644) recognised that there are more gases than just air, and claimed to have coined the word gas

Francis Harry Compton Crick, British microbiologist, c1962. Francis Crick (1916-2004) discovered the molecular structure of DNA

Luigi Palmieri, Italian geophysicist, 1893. Palmieri (1807-1896) was director of the Vesuvius Observatory which monitored the activity of the volcano. In 1855 he invented a seismograph

Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist, 1872. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

Thomas Stevenson, British forensic scientist, 1899. Artist: Wag
Thomas Stevenson, British forensic scientist, 1899. Stevenson (1838-1908) was a scientific analyst and toxicologist who acted as an expert witness, particularly in poisoning cases

Richard Anthony Proctor, English astronomer, mathematician and popular science writer, 1883. Artist: Spy
Richard Anthony Proctor, English astronomer, mathematician and popular science writer, 1883. Proctor (1837-1888) founded Knowledge, a science periodical, in 1881

John Leslie, Scottish natural philosopher and physicist, 19th century. Leslie (1766-1832) invented a number of scientific instruments and in 1810 created artificial ice

Thomas Pennant, 18th century British zoologist, writer and traveller, 1823. One of the foremost zoologists of his time, Pennant (1726-1798) published his British Zoology in 1766

Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist, 1874. Spallanzani (1729-1799) worked on bacteria, disproving spontaneous generation, on digestion, where he was first to use the term gastric juice

Guillaume Francois Rouelle, 18th century French chemist, 1874. Antoine Lavoisiers teacher and Professor (demonstrateur) at the Jardin du Roi, Paris

Rene-Antoine Ferchault de Reamur, 18th century French physicist, 1874. Ferchault de Reamur (1683-1757) is shown constructing a thermometer using spirit instead of mercury

William Harvey, English physician, in Windsor Park, 17th century (1870). Harvey (1578-1657) explaining to Charles I the results of his investigations into reproduction

Henri Becquerel, French physicist, c1890s. Artist: Nadar
Henri Becquerel, French physicist, c1890s. In 1896 Becquerel (1852-1908) discovered that uranium, when placed on a sealed, light-tight photographic plate, exposed the plate

Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist, 1842. Artist: Thomas Phillips
Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist, 1842. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Pierre Eugene Marcellin Berthelot, French organic chemist and politician, c1885. Artist: Pierre Petit
Pierre Eugene Marcellin Berthelot French organic chemist and politician, c1885. Berthelot (1827-1907) worked on explosives and dyes

Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873)
Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647)

Blaise Pascal, 17th century French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher, 1878. Pascal (1623-1662) carrying out experiments with a mercury barometer on the tower of St

Isaac Lea, American publisher, geologist and conchologist, 1896. Lea (1792-1886), whose field of scientific expertise was research into freshwater molluscs

John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Lawes (1814-1900) began experimental farming on his estate at Rothamstead, Hertfordshire

John Bennett Lawes, English agriculturalist, 1882. Lawes (1814-1900) began experimental farming on his estate at Rothamstead, Hertfordshire

Dionysius Lardner, Irish-born scientific writer, 1835. Lardner (1793-1859) was Professor of natural philosophy and astronomy at London University (University College)

Pierre Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer, 18th century. Laplaces (1749-1827) five volume Mecanique celeste (1799-1825)

Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen and Henry Roscoe, scientists, c1860. Left to right: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887), German physicist; Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen (1811-1899)

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1873. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1876. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Robert John Kane, Irish chemist, c1860. Kanes (1809-1890) name is remembered in Ireland for the book published in 1844 entitled The Industrial Resources of Ireland

Antoine de Jussieu, 18th century French botanist, 1807. One of a family of distinguished botanists, Antoine de Jussieu (1686-1758) was director of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris

Antoine-Laurent Jussieu, French botanist, 1880. Born in Lyon, Jussieu (1748-1836), the nephew of the botanist Bernard de Jussieu, studied medicine, graduating in 1770

Bernard de Jussieu, 18th century French botanist, 1880. A member of the family of distinguished botanists, de Jussieu (1699-1777) was director of the gardens at the Trianon, Versailles

Edward Jenner, English physician, 1800. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox

Edward Jenner, English physician, 1837. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) practiced as a country doctor in his native Gloucestershire. He noted immunity to smallpox was given by cow-pox

Robert Jameson, Scottish mineralogist, 1833. Jameson (1774-1854) was Regis professor of natural history at Edinburgh from 1804-1854

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