Naturalist Collection (page 4)

Ludwig Leichhardt, 19th century Prussian explorer and naturalist, (1900). Leichhardt (1813-c1848) undertook three major expeditions in Australia in the 1840s

Carolus Linnaeus, 18th century Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist, (1812). Artist: J Chapman
Carolus Linnaeus, 18th century Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist, (1812). Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) (1707-1778) founded the modern system of plant and animal nomenclature

John Ray, English naturalist, (1833). Artist: H Mayer
John Ray, English naturalist, (1833). Ray was a pioneer of plant taxonomy. He toured Europe extensively, studying flora and fauna - his botanical work includes the study of some 18, 600 species

Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist, 1887. Gessner (1516-1565) wrote Historiae Animalium, regarded as the beginning of modern zoology, published in 1555-1558

Charles Darwin, British naturalist, (1899). Artist: C Cook
Charles Darwin, British naturalist, (1899). Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

A Street in Cairo, Egypt, c1825-1876. Artist: John Frederick Lewis
A Street in Cairo, Egypt, c1825-1876

Naturalists dining inside a model of a dinosaur, Crystal Palace, Sydenham, New Years Eve, 1853. Dinner given by sculptor Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (1807-1889)

The Meeting of the (Royal) Zoological Society, Hanover Square, London, 1885. Artist: Harry Furniss
The Meeting of the Zoological Society, Hanover Square, London, 1885. The naturalist Richard Owen (1804-1892) is in the left foreground, next to Mr Punch, holding an Apteryx bursting from its egg

A Scientific Institution. During ye Lecture of an Eminent Savan, 1849. Artist: Richard Doyle
A Scientific Institution. During ye Lecture of an Eminent Savan, 1849. Richard Owen (1804-1892) British naturalist and anatomist

John Lubbock, first Baron Avebury, English banker, archaeologist, naturalist and politician, c1880. Lubbocks (1834-1913) Prehistoric Times, first published in 1865

Carolus Linnaeus, 18th century Swedish naturalist, 1835. Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) (1707-1778) founded the modern system of plant and animal nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish naturalist, 1732 (early 19th century). Artist: William Home Lizars
Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish naturalist, 1732 (early 19th century). Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) (1707-1778), the founder of the modern system of plant and animal nomenclature, aged 25 in Lapland dress

Carolus Linnaeus, 18th century Swedish naturalist. Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) (1707-1778) founded the modern system of plant and animal nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus, 18th century Swedish scientist and naturalist, 1874. Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) (1707-1778), the founder of the modern system of plant

Pollen mass of Orchis mascula when first attached (A) and after depression (B), 1899. From The Various Contrivances by which Orchids are Fertilized by Insects (second edition) by Charles Darwin

Richard Owen, British naturalist, c1856 (1891). After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

Lazaro Spallanzani, 18th century Italian naturalist and biologist, 1874
Lazzaro Spallanzani, 18th century Italian naturalist and biologist, 1874. Spallanzani (1729-1799) investigating the digestive system of the chicken

The moth Acontia luctuosa and orchid pollen, 1862. This shows seven pairs of pollinia of Orchis pyramidalis on the moths proboscis

Funeral of Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1882. After his death at Down House, his home for forty years, the body of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was brought to Westminster Abbey, London, where

Charles Darwin in the sand walk at Down House, c1870 (1887). English naturalist Darwin (1809-1882) spent much time walking and thinking in his garden at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, in his study, c1870 (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) lived at Down House, Beckenham, Kent for forty years

Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, 1887. Garden view of the home for forty years of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1884. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist, 1872. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

Thomas Pennant, 18th century British zoologist, writer and traveller, 1823. One of the foremost zoologists of his time, Pennant (1726-1798) published his British Zoology in 1766

Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist, c1830. Artist: William Home Lizars
Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist, c1830. Humboldts (1769-1859) interests included geophysics, geology and botany and he is sometimes called the founder of ecology

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte du Buffon, French naturalist, 1761. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC

Pierre Belon, French naturalist, 1553 (1762). Belon (1517-1564), aged 36. Financed by the Cardinal of Tournon, Belon undertook extensive travels through Greece, Asia Minor, Arabia

Thomas Pennant, 18th century British naturalist and traveller, c1840. Pennant (1726-1798) is sitting by a tree holding a book representing his British Zoology published in 1766

Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh naturalist, c1895. Wallace (1823-1913) formulated a theory of evolution independently of Charles Darwin

Conrad Gesner, 16th century Swiss physician and naturalist, 1662. Artist: Conrad Meyer
Conrad Gesner, 16th century Swiss physician and naturalist, [1662]. Gesner (1516-1565) practiced in Zurich until he died of plague

Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh-born British naturalist, c1900. Wallace (1823-1913) independently arrived at a theory of evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Darwinian Ancestor, 1887. Artist: George du Maurier
Darwinian Ancestor, 1887. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) said to the Scottish geologist Charles Lyell (1797-1875) Our ancestor was an animal which breathed water, had a swim-bladder

George du Maurier cartoon from Punch illustrating Darwinism, 1887. Artist: George du Maurier
Development of Species Under Civilisation, 1887. The old evolutionary argument of Nature or Nurture: it would be a brave person who came to a conclusion on this evidence. Cartoon from Punch

The Survival of the Fittest; application of Darwinism in the 21st century, 1880. Artist: George du Maurier
The Survival of the Fittest ; application of Darwinism in the 21st century, 1880. The term Survival of the fittest was first used by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) in 1851

Jemmy Button, the Fuegian adopted by Fitzroys expedition, in 1834 (1839). During 1833 when Jemmy was living with the expedition, he was dressed in European clothes and his hair was cut short

Jemmy Button, the Fuegian adopted by the Fitzroy expedition, as he appeared in 1833 (1839). In 1834, after his return to his tribe, all trace of European influence disappeared

A Patagonian, c1831 (1839). From Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle Vol.I, by William Parker King (London, 1839)

Patagonians at Gregory Bay, 1831 (1839). From Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle Vol II, by Robert Fitzroy. (London, 1839)

Fuegians at Woollya, with the Fitzroy expeditions camp in the background, 1831 (1839). From Robert Fitzroys Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle, Vol. II

Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist, in his greenhouse
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, c1875, (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) at work in his greenhouse at Down House, his home near Beckenham, Kent

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1883. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection. From The Century Magazine

Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, from the garden, 1883. The home of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), the English naturalist who put forward the modern theory of evolution

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1881. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1881. As well as his better known work on evolution by natural selection, Darwins (1809-1882) studies covered other subjects

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Darwin (1809-1882) was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. He first made his name as a geologist

Jean Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829), French naturalist. Said to be the first to use the term biology. Lamarcks own theory of evolution was in fact based on the idea that individuals adapt during their

Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish naturalist and physician, 1807. Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) (1707-1778) was the founder of the modern system of plant and animal nomenclature

Ulysses Aldrovandi, 16th century Italian naturalist, 18th century
Ulysses Aldrovandi, 16th century Italian naturalist, [18th century]. Aldrovandi (1522-1605) published illustrated books on fishes, birds and insects

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