Maths Collection (page 7)

Sir Christopher Wren, English architect, designer, astronomer and geometrician, (c1850). Wren (1632-1723) is best remembered for his rebuilding of St Pauls Cathedral

Isaac Barrow, 17th century English classical scholar, theologian, and mathematician, (c1850). Barrow (1630-1677) was the teacher of Isaac Newton

Leonhard Euler, 18th century Swiss mathematician and physicist, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Leonhard Euler, 18th century Swiss mathematician and physicist, (1836). Euler (1707-1783) was one of the founders of pure mathematics

Rene Descartes, 17th century French philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Artist: W Holl
Rene Descartes, 17th century French philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Descartes (1596-1650) is regarded as one of the great figures in the history of Western thought

Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, (1836). Delambre (1749-1822) was Director of the Paris Observatory

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Leibniz (1646-1716) published his system of infinitesimal calculus in 1684, three years before Isaac Newton who, however

The young Galileo and Ostilio Ricci, (20th century). Ricci (1540-1603) was court mathematician to Grand Duke Francesco of Tuscany

Sir Isaac Newton under the apple tree, (20th century). Newton under the apple tree where, according to popular legend, a falling apple prompted him to devise his theory of gravity

Galileo Galilei, Italian physicist, astronomer, and philosopher, (20th century). One of the greatest scientists of all time

Nicolas Copernicus, Polish astronomer and mathematician. Copernicus (1473-1543) is considered to be the father of modern astronomy and founder of heliocentric cosmology

Sir Isaac Newtons house, London, (20th century). Newtons (1642-1727) house on the corner of Orange and St Martins Streets was pulled down in 1914

John Napier, Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer and astrologer, (1870). Artist:s Freeman
John Napier, Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer and astrologer, (1870). Napier (1550-1617) is most remembered as the inventor of logarithms and the calculation tool known as Napiers Bones

James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer, (1870). Artist: William Holl
James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer, (1870). In 1663 Gregory (1638-1675) published Optica Promota describing his design for a reflecting telescope

Robert Hamilton, Scottish economist and mathematician, (1870). Artist: William Holl
Robert Hamilton, Scottish economist and mathematician, (1870). Hamilton (1743-1829) was the author of Essay on the National Debt (1813)

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, mathematician, and biologist, 18th century. Portrait of Leclerc (1707-1788) with specimens from the natural world

Archimedes, 18th century. Artist: Giuseppe Nogari
Archimedes, 18th century. Archimedes (c287-212 BC) was a Greek mathematician and inventor who discovered formulae for calculating areas and volumes of planes and solid figures

Allegory of Mathematics, early 17th century. Artist: Bernardo Strozzi
Allegory of Mathematics, early 17th century. Strozzi, Bernardo (1581-1644). Found in the collection of the Regional Art Museum, Kaluga

Portrait of the Mathematican Leonhard Euler, (1707-1783), German painting of 18th century. Darbes, Joseph Friedrich August (1747-1810). Found in the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The Four, the Three, the Two, and the One, 1595. Artist: Hans Vredeman de Vries
The Four, the Three, the Two, and the One, 1595. Illustration from the book Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae by Heinrich Khunrath, a work on alchemy. From a private collection

Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician, 17th century. Artist: Claude Mellan
Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician, 17th century. Appointed professor of mathematics at the College Royal, Paris, in 1645

Karl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist, 1840. Artist: Christian Albrecht Jensen
Karl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist, 1840. Born in Brunswick, Gauss (1777-1855) founded the modern form of complex analysis

Prophecy figure XII from Prognosticatio Eximii Doctoris Paracelsi, 1536. Artist
Prophecy figure XII from Prognosticatio Eximii Doctoris Paracelsi, 1536. A small book of 32 prophecies, filled with cryptic and allegorical symbols, by the Swiss astrologer

Rene Descartes, 1775. Artist: J Collyer
Rene Descartes, 1775. Eighteenth century engraving of French philosopher and mathematician Descartes (1596-1650) who is regarded as one of the great figures in the history of Western thought

Sir Isaac Newton, 1774. Artist: William Sharp
Sir Isaac Newton, 1774. Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English mathematician, astronomer and physicist. Newtons discoveries were prolific and exerted a huge influence on science and thought

Karl Friederich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist. Born in Brunswick, Gauss (1777-1855) founded the modern form of complex analysis

Joseph Louis Lagrange, French mathematician, 1833. Lagrange (1736-1813) is best known for his work on theoretical mechanics

Telling time at night using a nocturnal, 1539. The hour is obtained by measuring the angular position of the imaginary line joining the pointers in the constellation of the Plough to the Pole Star

Method of measuring angles with a cross-staff, 1636. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626) was an English mathematician and astronomer who invented many measuring instruments which bear his name; Gunters Chain

Measuring the distance from ship to shore, using a quadrant marked with shadow-scales, 1598. From L usa della squadra mobile by Ottavius Fabri. (Venice, 1598)

Measuring the altitude of the Sun, 1539. From Cosmographia by Peter Apian. (Antwerp, 1539)

Title page of The Description and Use of the Sector by Edmund Gunter, 1636. It shows mariners holding various navigational instruments, including a sector and a cross-staff at the top

Cross-staffs used for surveying, 1551. In this case they are being used to measure the width of a river by triangulation. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

Using a cross-staff to measure the height of a tower, 1617-1619. From Utriusque cosmi...historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

Measuring the distance of an inaccessible object by triangulation using a hinged staff, 1617-1619. From Utriusque cosmi...historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

Reiner Gemma Frisius, Dutch astronomer, geographer, cartographer and mathematician, 1539. Gemma Frisius (1508-1555) holding an adjustable ring dial for determining the altitude of the Sun for

Forms of astrolabe in use for surveying, 1650. Vignette from a multiplication table

Title page of Samuel Sturmy, Mariners Magazine, London, 1669. Artist: Samuel Sturmy
Title page of Samuel Sturmy Mariners Magazine, London, 1669. Sturmy (1633-1669) was a sea captain and sailed to the West Indies and Virginia

Finding the angular distance between two edges of a wood using a cross-staff, 1617-1619. From Utriusque cosmi...historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

Costume design for classical figures, 16th century. Artist: Giuseppe Arcimboldi
Costume design for classical figures, 16th century. Top left: Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), Roman orator and statesman. Top right: Euclid (active 300 BC), Greek mathematician

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, c1900
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, German physicist and physiologist, c1900. The inventor of the opthalmoscope (1850)

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, German physicist and physiologist, 1907. The inventor of the opthalmoscope (1850)

Hoxton Division, 1899. Artist: Stuff
Hoxton Division, 1899. James Stuart (1843-1913) British mathematician and engineer, champion of university education for women

Surveying, early 17th century. Method of using a quadrant fitted with a plumb line and marked with shadow scales to measure the depth of a well. From Utriusque cosmi... historia by Robert Fludd

Surveying and timekeeping, 1551. On the left are various different kinds of sundial and a clock with a single arm. On the right a survey is being made of the height of the tower, using quadrants

Surveying, 1551. Obtaining the height of a building by the use of a cross-staff. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

Use of the magnetic compass in map making, 1643. Diagram of the use of the compass by cartographers and surveyors. Bor (Borealis) is north and Aust (Australis) is south

Richard Anthony Proctor, English astronomer, mathematician and popular science writer, 1883. Artist: Spy
Richard Anthony Proctor, English astronomer, mathematician and popular science writer, 1883. Proctor (1837-1888) founded Knowledge, a science periodical, in 1881

Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873)
Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647)

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