Mathematics Collection (page 8)

Five inch theodolite, 1866. A print from Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts, Mechanical and Chemical, Manufactures, Mining, and Engineering, edited by Charles Tomlinson, Volume II, Virtue and Co, London, 1866

John Arbuthnot, Scottish physician, satirist, mathematician and polymath (1906). Arbuthnot (1667-1735) was the inventor of the figure of John Bull

Christiaan Huygens, 17th century Dutch mathematician, astronomer and physicist, c1870. Artist: JH Rennefeld
Christiaan Huygens, 17th century Dutch mathematician, astronomer and physicist, c1870. Huygens (1629-1695) made important contributions in several scientific fields

Metius, Dutch geometer and astronomer, c1870. Artist: H Sluyter
Metius, Dutch geometer and astronomer, c1870. A print from Nederlands Geschiedenis en Volksleven in Schetsen, by J Van Lenner and J Ter Gouw. (Leiden, AW Sijthoff, c1870)

Method of measuring the surface of the Earth, late 15th or early 16th century (1954). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Method of measuring the surface of the Earth, late 15th or early 16th century (1954). Codex Atlanticus, 269v-a. A print from Leonardo da Vinci by Ludwig H Heydenreich. (London, 1954)

Dominique Francois Jean Arago, French astronomer, physicist and politician, (c1900). Portrait of Arago and the fall of a meteorite at noon

Elevation of Troughtons dividing engine, 18th century, (1886). Until the 1770s, scales on scientific instruments had been marked out by skilled craftsmen in a process called dividing

A German man of letters, 16th century (1849). Artist: Jost Amman
A German man of letters, 16th century (1849). A 19th century version based on an original 16th century wood engraving. From Le Moyen Age et la Renaissance, by Paul Lacroix

Lazare Carnot, French politician, engineer, and mathematician, 1898. Artist: Gilbert
Lazare Carnot, French politician, engineer, and mathematician, 1898. A print from Les Francais Illustres, by Gustave Demoulin, Hachette, Paris, 1898

Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French navigator and military commander, 1898. Artist: Gilbert
Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French navigator and military commander, 1898. A print from Les Francais Illustres, by Gustave Demoulin, Hachette, Paris, 1898

Newton investigating light, 1870. Artist: William Mouat Loudan
Newton investigating light, 1870. A print from The Illustrated London News, 4th June 1870. Hand-coloured later

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, 15th century Italian cosmographer and mathematician, (1901). Toscanelli (1397-1482) produced a map proposing a westward route to Asia that Columbus took with him on his

Statue of Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician, astronomer and physicist, 19th century. Artist: John Le Keux
Statue of Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician, astronomer and physicist, 19th century. Statue in the ante chapel, Trinity College, Cambridge

Pythagoras (580-500 BC), drawing for the School of Athens, 16th century. Artist: Raphael
Pythagoras (580-500 BC), drawing for the School of Athens, 16th century

Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, c1870s. Artist: E Ronjat
Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, c1870s

Building master Hieronymus of Augsburg, 1506, (1936). Artist: Albrecht Durer
Building master Hieronymus of Augsburg, 1506, (1936). Found in the collection of the Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin, Germany

The Astronomer, 19th century. Artist: R Bell
The Astronomer, 19th century

System of Astronomy, c1790. Hand-coloured later

Sir Isaac Newton, English physicist, mathematician and astronomer, (c1850). Newtons discoveries were prolific and exerted a huge influence on science and thought

Sir Christopher Wren, English architect, designer, astronomer and geometrician, (c1850). Wren (1632-1723) is best remembered for his rebuilding of St Pauls Cathedral

Isaac Barrow, 17th century English classical scholar, theologian, and mathematician, (c1850). Barrow (1630-1677) was the teacher of Isaac Newton

Leonhard Euler, 18th century Swiss mathematician and physicist, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Leonhard Euler, 18th century Swiss mathematician and physicist, (1836). Euler (1707-1783) was one of the founders of pure mathematics

Rene Descartes, 17th century French philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Artist: W Holl
Rene Descartes, 17th century French philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Descartes (1596-1650) is regarded as one of the great figures in the history of Western thought

Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, (1836). Delambre (1749-1822) was Director of the Paris Observatory

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician, (1836). Leibniz (1646-1716) published his system of infinitesimal calculus in 1684, three years before Isaac Newton who, however

The young Galileo and Ostilio Ricci, (20th century). Ricci (1540-1603) was court mathematician to Grand Duke Francesco of Tuscany

Sir Isaac Newton under the apple tree, (20th century). Newton under the apple tree where, according to popular legend, a falling apple prompted him to devise his theory of gravity

Galileo Galilei, Italian physicist, astronomer, and philosopher, (20th century). One of the greatest scientists of all time

Nicolas Copernicus, Polish astronomer and mathematician. Copernicus (1473-1543) is considered to be the father of modern astronomy and founder of heliocentric cosmology

Sir Isaac Newtons house, London, (20th century). Newtons (1642-1727) house on the corner of Orange and St Martins Streets was pulled down in 1914

John Napier, Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer and astrologer, (1870). Artist:s Freeman
John Napier, Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer and astrologer, (1870). Napier (1550-1617) is most remembered as the inventor of logarithms and the calculation tool known as Napiers Bones

James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer, (1870). Artist: William Holl
James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer, (1870). In 1663 Gregory (1638-1675) published Optica Promota describing his design for a reflecting telescope

Robert Hamilton, Scottish economist and mathematician, (1870). Artist: William Holl
Robert Hamilton, Scottish economist and mathematician, (1870). Hamilton (1743-1829) was the author of Essay on the National Debt (1813)

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, mathematician, and biologist, 18th century. Portrait of Leclerc (1707-1788) with specimens from the natural world

Archimedes, 18th century. Artist: Giuseppe Nogari
Archimedes, 18th century. Archimedes (c287-212 BC) was a Greek mathematician and inventor who discovered formulae for calculating areas and volumes of planes and solid figures

Allegory of Mathematics, early 17th century. Artist: Bernardo Strozzi
Allegory of Mathematics, early 17th century. Strozzi, Bernardo (1581-1644). Found in the collection of the Regional Art Museum, Kaluga

Portrait of the Mathematican Leonhard Euler, (1707-1783), German painting of 18th century. Darbes, Joseph Friedrich August (1747-1810). Found in the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The Four, the Three, the Two, and the One, 1595. Artist: Hans Vredeman de Vries
The Four, the Three, the Two, and the One, 1595. Illustration from the book Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae by Heinrich Khunrath, a work on alchemy. From a private collection

Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician, 17th century. Artist: Claude Mellan
Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician, 17th century. Appointed professor of mathematics at the College Royal, Paris, in 1645

Karl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist, 1840. Artist: Christian Albrecht Jensen
Karl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist, 1840. Born in Brunswick, Gauss (1777-1855) founded the modern form of complex analysis

Prophecy figure XII from Prognosticatio Eximii Doctoris Paracelsi, 1536. Artist
Prophecy figure XII from Prognosticatio Eximii Doctoris Paracelsi, 1536. A small book of 32 prophecies, filled with cryptic and allegorical symbols, by the Swiss astrologer

Rene Descartes, 1775. Artist: J Collyer
Rene Descartes, 1775. Eighteenth century engraving of French philosopher and mathematician Descartes (1596-1650) who is regarded as one of the great figures in the history of Western thought

Sir Isaac Newton, 1774. Artist: William Sharp
Sir Isaac Newton, 1774. Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English mathematician, astronomer and physicist. Newtons discoveries were prolific and exerted a huge influence on science and thought

Karl Friederich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist. Born in Brunswick, Gauss (1777-1855) founded the modern form of complex analysis

Joseph Louis Lagrange, French mathematician, 1833. Lagrange (1736-1813) is best known for his work on theoretical mechanics

Telling time at night using a nocturnal, 1539. The hour is obtained by measuring the angular position of the imaginary line joining the pointers in the constellation of the Plough to the Pole Star

Method of measuring angles with a cross-staff, 1636. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626) was an English mathematician and astronomer who invented many measuring instruments which bear his name; Gunters Chain

Measuring the distance from ship to shore, using a quadrant marked with shadow-scales, 1598. From L usa della squadra mobile by Ottavius Fabri. (Venice, 1598)

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