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Von Guerickes demonstration of the power of air pressure, 1672. A platform was suspended from the bottom of an evacuated sphere made up of two copper hemispheres
Von Guerickes demonstration of the strength of a vacuum, 1654 (1672). The man on the right is using an air pump to create the vacuum
Experiment designed to show that air has weight, 1672. From Experimenta Nova ut vocantur Magdeburgica De Vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburg Experiments About the Vacuum by Otto von Guericke)
Franklins kite experiment, c1752, (1869). Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) American scientist, statesman, diplomat, author, printer and publisher
Luigi Galvani, 18th century Italian physiologist, 1880Luigi Galvani, 18th century Italian physiologist, [1880]. Galvani (1737-1798) discovered animal electricity (voltaic or galvanic electricity)
Otto von Guericke, German inventor, engineer and physicist, 1672. Portrait from his Eperimenta Nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica, de vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburgian Experiments, as they are called)
Title page of Experimenta Nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica, de vacuo Spatio, (Amsterdam, 1672). New Magdeburgian Experiments, as they are called, relating to a Vacuum) by Otto von Guericke (1606-1686)
Henri Moissan, French chemist, c1883 (1903). Moissan (1852-1907) working on fluorine in his laboratory at l Ecole de pharmacie, Paris. He isolated fluorine in 1883
Henri Moissan, French chemist, c1900. Moissan (1852-1907) recovering diamonds after dissolving the iron surrounding them after the final stage in his production of artificial diamonds at the Edison
Replica of Marconis first transmitter used in his early experiments in Italy, 1894. Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), an Italian physicist and inventor
Giant burning glass of the Academie des Sciences, Paris, 18th century, (1874). Artist: Amedee GuilleminGiant burning glass of the Academie des Sciences, Paris, 18th century, (1874). Constructed under the direction of Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) and others, it was used for chemical experiments
Experiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). Artist: Robert BrownExperiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). In 1822 the French appointed a commission to find the speed of sound in air
Percussion pendulum, 1725. An experiment to investigate the inertia of bodies using two suspended weights whose movements could be accurately measured
George Atwoods machine for demonstrating the effect of gravity on falling bodies, c1780George Atwoods machine for demonstrating and investigating the effect of gravity on falling bodies, c1780. Atwood (1746-1807), an English mathematician
Lord Kelvins mirror galvanometer, 1876. William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) devised this instrument for measuring small electric currents
Colorimeter, after a design by Labilliardiere with modifications by Salleron, 1871. The intensities of colour of two liquids in glass tubes are made equal by adding water to the stringer
Physics research laboratory at the Sorbonne, Paris 1895Physics research laboratory at the Sorbonne, Paris, 1895
Spectroscope, 1882. A spectroscope of the type used by Gustave Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) in studying the emission spectra of heated chemical elements
Berthold Schwart, 14th century German Franciscan monk and alchemist, 1901. Schwart (fl 1320) is supposed to be the first European to discover gunpowder. Illustration from Le Petit Journal, Paris, 1901
Leyden jar and Pieter van Musschenbroecks electrical experiment of 1746 (1765). Van Musschenbroeck (1692-1761) attempted to electrify water in bottle as had been done by his pupil Cuneus
Von Guerickes demonstration of the strength of air pressure, 1672. In the mid 17th century Otto von Guericke used an air-pump to remove the air from between two large close-fitting copper
Robert Boyles second air pump, c1660 (1725). The pump is being used to evacuate a bell jar to examine the effect on an animal inside it
Air pump built for Robert Boyle by Robert Hooke, 1660. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was a physicist and chemist who carried out many experiments on air, vacuum, combustion, and respiration
Luigi Galvanis experiments with electricity, 1791. An electrostatic machine, a Leyden jar and various experiments conducted by Italian physiologist Galvani (1737-1798)
Robert Boyles experiments with air pumps, 1725. Using this apparatus, similar to Guerickes water barometer, Boyle (1627-1691) found that water could only be raised 33ft 6ins
Faradays electromagnetic induction experiment, 1882. The inner coil is connected to a liquid battery, the outer coil to a galvanometer
Joules apparatus for determining the mechanical equivalent of heat, 1881Joules apparatus for determining the mechanical equivalent of heat, 1872. A vessel of water, oil or mercury encloses vanes attached to a spindle. Cord is wound round the cylinder and drum
Chemical lecture, 1802. Artist: James GillrayChemical lecture; Scientific Researches! - New Discoveries in Pneumaticks! or - an Experimental Lecture on the Powers of Air!, 1802
Deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope, 1990. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was put into orbit from the Space Shuttle Discovery, mission STS-31 on 24 April 1990
Hubble Space Telescope in orbit, 1980s. Artists impression of the Hubble Telescope in orbit over the earth. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Testing the Hubble Space Telescope, 1980s. The telescope is shown being installed in an acoustic test cell. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
X-ray image of sun, Skylab, 1970s. This image shows a coronal hole. Skylab was launched on 14 May 1973 and was Americas first manned orbiting space station
False colour photograph of the sun and the moon, c1970s. Taken from the Skylab space station. Skylab was launched on 14 May 1973 and was Americas first manned orbiting space station
Large solar prominence in extreme ultraviolet light, 1973. This picture taken by Skylab 4 on 19 Dec 1973, shows one of the most spectacular solar flares ever recorded
False colour image of a solar flare from Skylab, 1973. Skylab, Americas first space station launched on 14 May 1973, carried many scientific experiments
L Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, 1887. First year students doing practical work in the laboratory
Soap manufacturing, c1905. The Vinolia Soap Companys London laboratory where raw materials and essential oils were tested
James Watt as a young man, c1769. Artist: James ScottJames Watt as a young man, c1769. Watt was a Scottish engineer and instrument maker who invented the modern steam engine which became the main source of power in Britains textile mills
Radium experiment, 1904. Artist: PoyetRadium experiment, 1904. Paths of alpha, beta, and gamma particles from a radium sample placed between the poles of an electromagnet, as used in Marie and Pierre Curies laboratory, Paris
Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927), Swedish physicist and chemist in his laboratory, 1909. Arrhenius work covered a wide range of subjects including immunology, cosmic physics and environmental issues
Experiment showing that prismatic colours cannot be split further, 1747. From Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy confirm d by Experiment by Jean Theophilus Desaguliers
Isaac Newtons prism experiment showing how sunlight is split into its separate colours, 1747. English physicist and mathematician Newton (1642-1727)
Part of Pierre and Marie Curies laboratory, Paris, 1904. It was here that they did much of their work on magnetism and radioacticity which led to the 1903 Nobel prize for physics which they shared
Work of Marie and Pierre Curie, 1904. High voltage equipment used by Pierre and Marie Curie to investigate the electrical conductivity of air exposed to radium. From La Nature. (Paris, 1904)
Electroscope fitted with microscope, 1904. This instrument was used in the Curies laboratory, Paris, to detect the presence of radioactivity. From La Nature. (Paris, 1904)
A corner of Pierre and Marie Curies laboratory, Paris, 1904. It was here that they did much of their work on magnetism and radioacticity which led to the 1903 Nobel prize for physics which they
Hans Christian Oersted, Danish physicist, 1820 (c1880). Oersted (1777-1851) observing that electric current has an effect on a magnetic needle
Isaac Newton, English scientist and mathematician, (1666) 1874. Newton (1642-1727) using a prism to separate white light into the colours of the spectrum