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The vertical configuration of the skull, 1848. Comparison of Caucasian, Mongole, Negro and Titicacan skulls. During the 19th century
Blackville, 1878. Artist: Solomon EytingeBlackville, 1878. Part of a series: a post-emancipation debate on Darwinism. African Americans are here caricatured in a racist fashion as illiterate and ape-like
Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, at his desk in 1882 (1883). Huxley (1825-1895) was President of the Royal Society from 1883-1885
The Meeting of the (Royal) Zoological Society, Hanover Square, London, 1885. Artist: Harry FurnissThe Meeting of the Zoological Society, Hanover Square, London, 1885. The naturalist Richard Owen (1804-1892) is in the left foreground, next to Mr Punch, holding an Apteryx bursting from its egg
A Scientific Institution. During ye Lecture of an Eminent Savan, 1849. Artist: Richard DoyleA Scientific Institution. During ye Lecture of an Eminent Savan, 1849. Richard Owen (1804-1892) British naturalist and anatomist
Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, c1880. Huxley (1825-1895) was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of evolution in the 19th century
Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1881. Artist: Edward Linley SambourneThomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1881. Huxley (1825-1895) was Inspector of Fisheries from 1881-1885. He was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of
Richard Owen, British naturalist, c1856 (1891). After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology
Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, c1860s. Huxley (1825-1895) was known as Darwins bulldog because of his ardent support of Darwins theory of evolution
Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1897. Portrait published after his death of Huxley (1825-1895) who was known as Darwins bulldog because of his ardent support of Darwins theory of evolution
Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1866. Huxley (1825-1895) was known as Darwins bulldog because of his ardent support of Darwins theory of evolution
Prehistoric Peeps: A Night Lecture on Evolution, 1894. Artist: Edward Tennyson ReedPrehistoric Peeps: A Night Lecture on Evolution, 1894. Satirical cartoon showing creatures halfway between men and monkeys listening to a lecture. The lectern is in the form of a pteradoctyl
Homology (of commmon descent), c1920. A: Fore-limb of a monkey. B: Fore-limb of a whale. Although different at first sight, they have similar architecture
Evolution of the horse, c1920. Diagram of seven stages in the development of hind and forelimbs: 1, 1A Eohippus; 2, 2A Orohippus; 3, 3A Mesohippus; 4, 4A Hypohippus; 5, 5A Merychippus; 6
Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist, 1872. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology
Medal commemorating Jean Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, French biologist, 20th century. Lamarcks (1744-1829) theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics was known as
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte du Buffon, French naturalist, 1761. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC
Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh naturalist, c1895. Wallace (1823-1913) formulated a theory of evolution independently of Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh-born British naturalist, c1900. Wallace (1823-1913) independently arrived at a theory of evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Artist: Edward Linley SambourneCharles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Darwin (1809-1882) was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. He first made his name as a geologist
Jean Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829), French naturalist. Said to be the first to use the term biology. Lamarcks own theory of evolution was in fact based on the idea that individuals adapt during their
Mammal embryos, 1905. Dog, bat, hare and human embryos at various stages of development. Illustration from Ernst Haeckels book; one of the first to sketch the genealogical tree of animals
The Lion of the Season, 1861. Artist: John LeechThe Lion of the Season, 1861. Cartoon from Punch, London, 25 May 1861, when controversy over Darwins Origin of Species was raging
Monkeyana: Am I a Man and a Brother?, 1861. Cartoon from Punch, London 18 May 1861, when controversy over Darwins Origin of Species was raging
Thomas Henry Huxley, 1893. Artist: Leopold FlamengThomas Henry Huxley, 1893. Leaning on a pile of books and holding a skull. English scientist remembered as Darwins Bulldog
Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus). Reconstruction based on a skull cap, thigh bone and two back teeth discovered in Pliocene fossil beds in Trinil, Central Java, by Dr Eugene Dubois in 1894
Skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus daswoni), 1912. This supposed fossil was discovered near Lewes, Sussex, in 1912 by Charles Dawson, a local solicitor and amateur archaeologist
Model of the skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus dawsoni), 1914. Artist: Dr Smith WoodwardModel of the skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus dawsoni), 1914. Model as reconstructed by Dr Smith Woodward. Dark areas are from the original fossil, the light are the restored areas
Taungs Ape-Man. Artists drawing of Australian anatomist and ethnologist Grafton Elliot Smiths (1871-1937) idea of the appearance of a young Australopithecus Africanus
Giraffes browsing, c1885. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist, considered that the giraffe illustrated Transformism (also known as Lamarckism)
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1874Charles Darwin (1809-82) English naturalist. Cartoon, depicting Darwins head superimposed on an apes body, showing another ape its reflection in a mirror
Giraffe browsing on a tree, 1836. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist, considered that the giraffe illustrated Transformism (also known as Lamarckism)
Jean Lamarck, French naturalist. Lamarck (1744-1829) formulated the doctrine of Transformism (also known as Lamarckism), a theory of evolution which stated that acquired characteristics could be
George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century. Artist: HollGeorge-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC
Vision of an intellectual family in the 1950s, 1883Vision of an intellectual family in the 1950s. Anticipated result of selective breeding in Man. From A. Robida Le Vingtieme Siecle, Paris, 1883
Geology and Palaeontology, c1880. Diagram showing geological eras and periods with the rock strata associated with each (right) as well as the types of flora and fauna alive at the time
Charles Darwin, English naturalist. Darwin (1809-1882) as a young man. Darwin was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836
Pigeons used by Charles Darwin at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, England, 1887Pigeons used by Charles Darwin during his work on theory of descent, at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, England, 1887 Wood engraving
Fish of Early Devonian Era, Gemuendina Stuertzi, Prussia
Asa Gray, American botanist, 1888. Specialist on Japanese flora and friend of Darwin. who accepted Natural Selection as force in evolution but, as devout Protestant
Haeckels comparision of embryos of Pig, Cow, Rabbit and Man. Artist: Ernst HaeckelHaeckels comparision of embryos of Pig, Cow, Rabbit and Man. Top row, all embryos show gill slit at O, demonstrating his Recapitulation theory
Mammal embryos, 1910. Artist: Ernst HaeckelMammal embryos, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man, fifth edition, London, 1910
Sauropsid embryos, 1910. Artist: Ernst HaeckelSauropsid embryos, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man, fifth edition, London, 1910
Paleontological tree of vertebrates, 1910. Artist: Ernst HaeckelPaleontological tree of vertebrates, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man, fifth edition, London, 1910
Haeckels scheme of evolution displayed in the form of a tree, 1910. Artist: Ernst HaeckelHaeckels scheme of evolution displayed in the form of a tree, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man fifth edition, London, 1910
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), German zoologist and evolutionistErnst Haeckel (1834-1919) German zoologist and evolutionist. Recapitulation theory Ontology recapitulates phylogeny. Wood engraving
Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and evolutionist, 1899Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) German zoologist and evolutionist. Recapitulation theory Ontology recapitulates phylogeny, 1899
A cat in affectionate frame of mind, from The Expression and Emotions in Man and Animals, 1872A cat in affectionate frame of mind, From Charles Darwins The Expression and Emotions in Man and Animals, London, 1872