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The Fuegian, York Minster, in 1833 (1839). York Minster was adopted by the expedition of the Beagle commanded by Robert Fitzroy and dressed in European clothes
The Fuegian, York Minster, in 1832 (1839). York Minster was adopted by the expedition of the Beagle commanded by Robert Fitzroy and dressed in European clothes
Fuegians going to trade with the Patagonians, 1839. The Fuegians would trade their captives and their own children with the Patagonians for dogs, horses, guanoco meat, and various other commodities
Funeral of Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1882. After his death at Down House, his home for forty years, the body of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was brought to Westminster Abbey, London, where
Charles Darwin in the sand walk at Down House, c1870 (1887). English naturalist Darwin (1809-1882) spent much time walking and thinking in his garden at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, in his study, c1870 (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) lived at Down House, Beckenham, Kent for forty years
Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, 1887. Garden view of the home for forty years of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1884. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection
Samuel Wilberforce, English churchman, 1870. Wilberforce (1805-1873) at the time of his appointment as Bishop of Winchester in 1869
Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist, 1872. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology
Medal commemorating Jean Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, French biologist, 20th century. Lamarcks (1744-1829) theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics was known as
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte du Buffon, French naturalist, 1761. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC
Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh naturalist, c1895. Wallace (1823-1913) formulated a theory of evolution independently of Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh-born British naturalist, c1900. Wallace (1823-1913) independently arrived at a theory of evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Darwinian Ancestor, 1887. Artist: George du MaurierDarwinian Ancestor, 1887. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) said to the Scottish geologist Charles Lyell (1797-1875) Our ancestor was an animal which breathed water, had a swim-bladder
George du Maurier cartoon from Punch illustrating Darwinism, 1887. Artist: George du MaurierDevelopment of Species Under Civilisation, 1887. The old evolutionary argument of Nature or Nurture: it would be a brave person who came to a conclusion on this evidence. Cartoon from Punch
The Survival of the Fittest; application of Darwinism in the 21st century, 1880. Artist: George du MaurierThe Survival of the Fittest ; application of Darwinism in the 21st century, 1880. The term Survival of the fittest was first used by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) in 1851
Jemmy Button, the Fuegian adopted by Fitzroys expedition, in 1834 (1839). During 1833 when Jemmy was living with the expedition, he was dressed in European clothes and his hair was cut short
Jemmy Button, the Fuegian adopted by the Fitzroy expedition, as he appeared in 1833 (1839). In 1834, after his return to his tribe, all trace of European influence disappeared
A Patagonian, c1831 (1839). From Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle Vol.I, by William Parker King (London, 1839)
Patagonians at Gregory Bay, 1831 (1839). From Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle Vol II, by Robert Fitzroy. (London, 1839)
Fuegians at Woollya, with the Fitzroy expeditions camp in the background, 1831 (1839). From Robert Fitzroys Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majestys Ships Adventure and Beagle, Vol. II
Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist, in his greenhouseCharles Darwin, English naturalist, c1875, (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) at work in his greenhouse at Down House, his home near Beckenham, Kent
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1883. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection. From The Century Magazine
Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, from the garden, 1883. The home of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), the English naturalist who put forward the modern theory of evolution
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1881. Artist: Edward Linley SambourneCharles Darwin, English naturalist, 1881. As well as his better known work on evolution by natural selection, Darwins (1809-1882) studies covered other subjects
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Artist: Edward Linley SambourneCharles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Darwin (1809-1882) was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. He first made his name as a geologist
Jean Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829), French naturalist. Said to be the first to use the term biology. Lamarcks own theory of evolution was in fact based on the idea that individuals adapt during their
Herbert Spencer, English philosopher and sociologist, 1897. Born in Derby, Spencer (1820-1903) put forward the idea and coined the term survival of the fittest and was an advocate of social Darwinism
John Stevens Henslow, English botanist, geologist and clergyman, 1861. Henslow (1796-1861) was professor of mineralogy (1822-1827) and of botany (1827-1861) at Cambridge
Mammal embryos, 1905. Dog, bat, hare and human embryos at various stages of development. Illustration from Ernst Haeckels book; one of the first to sketch the genealogical tree of animals
The Lion of the Season, 1861. Artist: John LeechThe Lion of the Season, 1861. Cartoon from Punch, London, 25 May 1861, when controversy over Darwins Origin of Species was raging
Monkeyana: Am I a Man and a Brother?, 1861. Cartoon from Punch, London 18 May 1861, when controversy over Darwins Origin of Species was raging
Thomas Henry Huxley, 1893. Artist: Leopold FlamengThomas Henry Huxley, 1893. Leaning on a pile of books and holding a skull. English scientist remembered as Darwins Bulldog
Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus). Reconstruction based on a skull cap, thigh bone and two back teeth discovered in Pliocene fossil beds in Trinil, Central Java, by Dr Eugene Dubois in 1894
Skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus daswoni), 1912. This supposed fossil was discovered near Lewes, Sussex, in 1912 by Charles Dawson, a local solicitor and amateur archaeologist
Model of the skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus dawsoni), 1914. Artist: Dr Smith WoodwardModel of the skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus dawsoni), 1914. Model as reconstructed by Dr Smith Woodward. Dark areas are from the original fossil, the light are the restored areas
Taungs Ape-Man. Artists drawing of Australian anatomist and ethnologist Grafton Elliot Smiths (1871-1937) idea of the appearance of a young Australopithecus Africanus
Giraffes browsing, c1885. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist, considered that the giraffe illustrated Transformism (also known as Lamarckism)
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1874Charles Darwin (1809-82) English naturalist. Cartoon, depicting Darwins head superimposed on an apes body, showing another ape its reflection in a mirror
Giraffe browsing on a tree, 1836. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist, considered that the giraffe illustrated Transformism (also known as Lamarckism)
Jean Lamarck, French naturalist. Lamarck (1744-1829) formulated the doctrine of Transformism (also known as Lamarckism), a theory of evolution which stated that acquired characteristics could be
George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century. Artist: HollGeorge-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC
Vision of an intellectual family in the 1950s, 1883Vision of an intellectual family in the 1950s. Anticipated result of selective breeding in Man. From A. Robida Le Vingtieme Siecle, Paris, 1883
Coral reef surrounding a lagoon. Slow accumulation of substance from generations of corals was a phenomenon which Darwin used to support they theory of a long geological timescale
Coral Reef and island. Time taken for building of coral reefs and islands was a proof used by Darwin to support the theory of a long geological timescale. Hand coloured engraving published 1849
Geology and Palaeontology, c1880. Diagram showing geological eras and periods with the rock strata associated with each (right) as well as the types of flora and fauna alive at the time
Charles Darwin, English naturalist. Darwin (1809-1882) as a young man. Darwin was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836