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First test flight of a hot air balloon at Annonay, France, 4 June, 1783 (1890s). Enthusiastic crowds watching the first unmanned test flight by brothers Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier
The Montgolfier brothers, French ballooning pioneers, (1890s). Joseph Michel (1740-1810) and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier (1745-1799)
A French faience plate depicting Jean-Pierre Blanchards balloon trip. Jean-Pierre Blanchard (1753-1809) was a French inventor, most remembered as a pioneer in aviation and ballooning
A French faience plate with aeronauts with flags, 1785. A popular painted scene was the Charles and Robert balloon, Globe
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, 19th century French chemist and physicist, (1900). Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) made balloon ascents to investigate terrestrial magnetism and the composition
An early attempt at conquering the air, 18th century, (late 19th century).The Montgolfier brothers invented the hot air balloon, it was the first aircraft to carry humans into the sky
Balloon explosion in Hal, Belgium, 1895. Artist: Henri MeyerBalloon explosion in Hal, Belgium, 1895. An illustration from Le Petit Journal, 29th September 1895
Professor Lowes Balloon, c1859. Steamboat-powered airship for transatlantic flights. Illustration from Adventures of America, 1857-1900, by John A Kouwenhoven, published by Harper & Brothers
Song on the aerostatic sphere, 18th century. Commemorating the Montgolfier Brothers balloon experiment in the garden of M Reveillon on 19 October 1783
The airship of Pierre and Paul Lebaudy, France, 1903. The Lebaudy Brothers airship was an attempt by French designers to counter the achievements of Germany
The attempt by the Count de la Vaulx to cross the Mediterranean by balloon, 1901. Artist: P DoyeThe attempt by the Count de la Vaulx to cross the Mediterranean by balloon, 1901. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 20th October 1901
Alberto Santos-Dumont landing his airship number 9 in Longchamp, Paris, 1903. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 19th June 1903
Alberto Santos-Dumont flying his airship number 10, 1903. Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) was an early pioneer of aviation
The lion aeronauts, 1903. Lions in a cage carried aloft by a balloon. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 14 August 1903
A balloon on a roof, 1894. Firemen trying to come to the aid of a balloonist who has crash landed on a roof. Illustration in Le Petit Journal, 1894
On the Open Sea, 1901. A balloon on the bow of a ship. Illustration in Le Petit Journal, 1901
Death of an aeronaut over Beuzeville, France, 1899. Illustration in Le Petit Journal, 1899
Santos-Dumonts airship departing from Trouville, France, 1905. Alberto Santos-Dumont was a Brazilian pioneer aviator. He initially focused on airship design
A Balloon struck by lightning near Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1891. Illustration in Le Petit Journal, 1891
Satirical engraving on the fire of the balloon of Miolan and Janinet 1784 (1887). Artist: Gaston TissandierSatirical engraving on the fire of the balloon of Miolan and Janinet 1784 (1887). French abbots Miolan and Janinet were ridiculed for their failed balloon ascent from the Jardin de Luxembourg
Caricature on the direction of the Aerostat, 1887. Artist: Gaston TissandierCaricature on the direction of the Aerostat, 1887. Published in History of Balloons by Gaston Tissandier, Paris, 1887
Reception of the Robert Brothers by the Prince of Ghistelles in 1784, (1887). Artist: Gaston TissandierReception of the Robert Brothers by the Prince of Ghistelles in 1784, (1887). French balloonists Noel and Jean Robert, recieved by Philippe-Alexandre-Emmanuel-Francois-Joseph de Ghistelles at his
Aerostat, 1887. Artist: Gaston TissandierAerostat, 1887. A man on horseback on a platform being carried by a balloon. Published in History of Balloons by Gaston Tissandier, Paris, 1887
The Small Physicist and The Vain Physicist, 1887. Artist: Gaston TissandierThe Small Physicist and The Vain Physicist, 1887. Published in History of Balloons by Gaston Tissandier, Paris, 1887
The Aero Club, costume of a female ballooner, 15th November 1898. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 15th November 1898
Overall View of Paris, Taken from the Observatory in a Balloon, 1855. From the Musee d Orsay, Paris
Aerostier, Siege of Paris, 1870-1871. Print from a series titled Souvenirs du Siege de Paris. After the disastrous defeat of the French at Sedan and the capture of Napoleon III
Nadar, French journalist, artist and photographer, 1867. Artist: Andre GillNadar, French journalist, artist and photographer, 1867. Felix Nadar (1820-1910), was the first person to take photographs from a balloon and first to produce a photointerview. Cartoon from La Lune
Dr John Jeffries, American balloonist, 1786. Jeffries (1744-1819) during a balloon ascent to investigate the atmospheric temperature
Leonid meteor shower, 1870. The Leonids are visible in the night sky during November, and this observation was made by the French aeronauts Henri Giffard (1825-1882)
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Artist: Simon Charles MigerJacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Print celebrating the first ascent in a hydrogen-balloon, made by Charles (1746-1823) from the Tuileries, Paris, on 1 December 1783
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac making a balloon ascent from Paris, 14 September 1804 (1910). On this flight, French chemist and physicist Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist, physicist and balloonist, c1824. Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) investigated the behaviour of gases and developed techniques of chemical analysis
Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French scientists, 1804 (1870). Biot (1774-1864) and Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)
Experiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). Artist: Robert BrownExperiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). In 1822 the French appointed a commission to find the speed of sound in air
(Salomon) August Andree (1854-1897), Swedish engineer and balloonist, 1897. In 1897 Andree made an attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon
First manned flight in a hydrogen balloon, France, 1 December 1783 (1887). French aeronauts Jacques Charles (1746-1823) and Noel Robert made the first manned (free flight)
Ascent in captive hot air balloon made by Pilatre de Rozier, Paris, 11 October 1783 (1887)Ascent in a captive hot air balloon made by Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier in Paris, 11 October 1783 (1887). From Histoire des Ballons by Gaston Tissandier. (Paris, 1887)
Amundsens airship, the Norge, over the North Pole, 1926. Raold Amundsen (1872-1928), Norwegian explorer made a successful flight over the North Pole aboard the Norge on 11-14 May 1926
The search for the 1897 Andree expedition to the North Pole. In 1897 a Swedish explorer named Salomon Andree made an attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon
Fowls of a Feather Flock together; a group of aeronauts, c1785Fowls of a Feather Flock together ; a group of aeronauts, c1785. The Italian balloonist Vincenzo Lunardi (centre) in Edinburgh for his ascent of 5th October 1785
Vincenzo Lunardi, Italian aeronaut, c1785. Artist: John KayVincenzo Lunardi, Italian aeronaut, 1785. Lunardi made the first hydrogen balloon ascent in Britain, at Moorfields, London, on 15th September 1784
First ascent of Mongolfier hot air balloon, 21 November 1783. From chromolithgotraph postcard published c1910
A balloon from Paris passing over Versailles, Franco-Prussian War, 1870 (1871). During the war Paris was under siege from September 1870 to January 1871
Inflation of Charles and the Robert brothers hydrogen balloon, 1783 (c1807). Jean and Noel Robert helping Jacques Charles (1746-1823)
Inflating a hydrogen balloon, 1845. Hydrogen is produced by covering barrels of iron filings with sulphuric acid. The gas is then fed into the balloon
Departure of the Andree balloon expedition to the North Pole, Spitzbergen, 1897Departure of the Andree balloon expedition to the North Pole, Spitzbergen, 11 July 1897. In 1897 a Swedish explorer named Salomon Andree made an attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon
Vincenzo Lunardi, c1770, was an Italian diplomat who, on 15 September 1784, made the first British ascent in a hydrogen balloon