Symbol Collection (page 24)

Calvary, late 16th century. Artist: Pieter Piertsz the Elder
Calvary, late 16th century. Christ on the cross between the two thieves. From the Republic of Latvia Museum of Foreign Art, Riga

The Virgin and Child with Angels, 1512. Artist: Francesco dei Tatti
The Virgin and Child with Angels, 1512. From the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Nancy, France

Madonna and Child, c1510. Artist: Titian
Madonna and Child, c1510. From the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

Processional banner, c1395-1400. Artist: Spinello Aretino
Processional banner, c1395-1400. From the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

The Crucifixion, (part of a diptych), early 14th century. Artist: Pacino di Bonaguida
The Crucifixion, (part of a diptych), early 14th century. From the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

Marianne, figurehead from a French Grand Banks fishing boat. From the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London

Virgin of Humility, 15th century. Artist: Giovanni di Paolo
Virgin of Humility, 15th century

The Crucifixion, St Marks Basilica, Venice, Italy

The Annunciation, 16th century. Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis, Portugal

Christ on the Cross, 16th century. From Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis, Portugal

St Margaret, 15th century. From the Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest

Soyez les Freres!, allegory of Republican France, 1871. Artist: E Courtaux
Soyez les Freres!, allegory of Republican France, 1871. Cartoon from a series titled La Grande Crucifiee!!! depicting Marianne as Republican France

The fight against the Papacy and the Empire, 16th century. From the National Library of France, Paris

Allegory of Republican France, 1871. Artist: E Courtaux
Allegory of the Republican France, 1871. Cartoon from a series titled La Grande Crucifiee!!! depicting Marianne as Republican France sitting on the tomb of Paris

Le Martyr Immortalise!, allegory of Republican France, 1871. Artist: E Courtaux
Le Martyr Immortalise!, allegory of Republican France, 1871. Cartoon from a series titled La Grande Crucifiee!!! depicting Marianne as Republican France crucified by defeat in the Franco-Prussian

Annunciation (detail), 1516-1517. Artist: Jean Bellegambe
Annunciation (detail), 1516-1517. From the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia

Painting, unknown title, 17th century. Artist: Baldassare Franceschini
Painting, unknown title, 17th century

Alexander the Great Restoring the Throne Usurped by Abdolomino, 17th century. Artist: Bernardo Strozzi
Alexander the Great Restoring the Throne Usurped by Abdolomino, 17th century. From a private collection

Jacob Fights the Angel, 1660. Artist: Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn
Jacob Fights the Angel, 1660. From the Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin

Allegory of French patriotic emblems, 1870. Coloured print published at the time of the Franco-Prussian War. From a private collection

Louis XIII, 17th century. Artist: Simon Vouet
Louis XIII, 17th century. Louis XIII, King of France from 1610-1643, depicted between two figures representing France and Navarre. From the Musee du Louvre, Paris

Allegory of France and Navarre, 1740. Artist: Francois Boucher
Allegory of France and Navarre, 1740. Cartoon for a tapestry, Palais de Justice, Rouen, France

Virgin and Child with St Paul, c1450. The seated Virgin with the infant Jesus on her lap points to St Paul who holds a sword and a book

God the Father, 1545. God enthroned, hand raised in blessing. At the corners are the symbols of the four Evangelists: the Angel of St Matthew, the Lion of St Mark, the Eagle of St John

Miklos Zrinyi, heroic Croatian / Hungarian general, late 16th century
Miklos Zrinyi, heroic Croatian/Hungarian general, late 16th century. Miklos Zrinyi (Nicolas Zrinski) (1518-1566) was besieged in Szigeth by Suleyman the Magnificent and his army of 65, 000 men

Herod, 17th century. The King of the Jews with his face and neck composed of the first-born, the Holy Innocents, who he ordered to be massacred as related in the Bible (Matthew Ch2 v16)

Altarpiece of the Parliament of Paris, c1452. Left: St Louis (Louis IX of France) with a tabard of fleur-de-lys and John the Baptist. Right: Charlemagne and St Denis (carrying his head)

The Rest on the Flight into Egypt, 1510 Artist: Albrecht Altdorfer
The Rest on the Flight into Egypt, 1510. The Virgin Mary sits in a chair by the side of a fountain. The infant Jesus is fascinated by the putti playing in the bowl of the fountain

Tonalamatl Aubin, Folio 16, 15th century? Pre-Columbian style Aztec Tonalamatl (Paper of Days), a religious manuscript painted on agave paper. From the Biblioteque Nationale, Paris

The Four Evangelists, mid 15th century. Artist: Fra Angelico
The Four Evangelists, mid 15th century. The Evangelists are shown with their symbols: the Angel with St Matthew, the Lion with St Mark, the Eagle with St John, and the Ox with St Luke

Madonna and Child with Saints, mid 15th century. Artist: Fra Angelico
Madonna and Child with Saints, mid 15th century. The Virgin Mary seated with the infant Jesus on her lap against a background of saints

Regular geometrical solids of various types, 1619. On centre right are the geometrical solids for the elements Earth, Air, Fire, Water and the fifth heavenly element

Alchemical symbolism, 1652. A toad and serpent representing two basic types of element; fixed and earthy (toad) and the volatile (serpent). The flying eagle represents sublimation

Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, 1812. Profile portrait surrounded by an Ouroboros, an ancient Egyptian-Greek symbolic serpent with its tail in its mouth devouring itself

The Hermetic Vessel, c1760. A hermetic vessel in the alchemical furnace. The serpent within the vase symbolises the earthy substances of which the Philosophers Stone is made

Taoist Symbol in arrow shape, with trigrams of the I-Ching, Han Dynasty, 206 BC-220. The PI (heaven) and Tsung (Earth) with trigrams from the Book of Changes

Chi-Rho symbol from Coptic sarcophagus, 7th century. First used by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, ideally suited to symbolize the crucifixion of Christ

Pictish Carved Slab, showing symbols and Battle, c8th century. on the other side in a Christian. Perhaps Aberlemno churchyard, Angus, Scotland

Rhynie-Crawstone, Pictish incised Animals, Aberdeenshire, c5th century-c8th century. Salmon and the Pictish Beast below

Silver Ring, Roman, 4th century. Note the clasped hands, a symbol of Betrothal or Friendship

Water Newton Roman Silver from Peterborough, 3rd-4th century. This is the earliest known group of Christian silver from the Roman Empire (at British Museum)

Silver and Gold Plaque with Christian Chi-Rho from Water Newton Treasure, 3rd-4th century. From near Peterborough, England

Stele with Ra as Hawk, Sun symbol and Eyes, on Stele of Lady Taperet, c850BC-690 BC. Painted wood, from Third Intermediate period, uncertain provenance, probably region of Thebes

Pictish Symbol Stone with Incised designs, Kirkwall, Orkney, c6th century. (20th century). Archaeological relic carved by the Picts who lived in eastern

Illustration from the travels of the legendary English knight Sir John Mandeville, c1372. The central figures carry symbols of Christs passion, a cross

Hand inscribed on stone, Bronze Age
Hand inscribed on stone. The arm is associated with divine power, and may be the symbol of the one-handed god, an Indo-European deity. Now at the National Museum in Denmark, Bronze Age

Vault mosaic from the Mausoleum of Galla Placida, 5th century
Vault mosaic from the Mausoleum of Galla Placida, showing the Bull, symbol of the Evangelists, 5th century

The sarcophagus of Bishop Theodorus, 5th century
The sarcophagus of Bishop Theodorus, in San Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna. Note the chi-rho cross and the peacock, which are Christian symbols, 5th century

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