Solar System Collection (#70)

Moon reflected in a lake, 17th century. Dutch School. From a private collection

Earth, 1570. Artist: Giuseppe Arcimboldi
Earth, 1570. One of the four images in the Elements series. From a private collection

Set design for Oscar Wildes Salome, late 19th / early 20th century. Artist: Leon Bakst
Set design for Oscar Wildes Salome, late 19th/early 20th century. From the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford

Still Life, 19th century

View of Pont Neuf, Paris, c1635. From the Musee Carnavalet, Paris

Scene at Kabuki Theatre, 19th century. From a private collection

Snow, Moon and Flowers, c1812. Artist: Katsukawa Shunsen
Snow, Moon and Flowers, c1812. From the Birmingham City Museum & Art Gallery

Moon at Numazu, from 53 stations of Tokaido, 1832
body, face, solar system, moon, stream, time of day, evening, sky, night, water, geographical feature, river, arts, landscape, location, forest, exterior, travel, luggage, journey, Japan, Japanese

Trees Near a River, 1891. Artist: Edward Mitchell Bannister
Trees Near a River, 1891. From the National Museum of American Art, USA

Painting of a landscape, title unknown. Artist: Edmond Baibazzona
Painting of a landscape, title unknown. From the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia

Seascape with a fire in the distance, 1667. Artist: Ludolf Backhuysen I
Seascape with a fire in the distance, 1667

View of the Escorial, Spain, early 18th century. Artist: Michel-Ange Houasse
View of the Escorial, Spain, early 18th century. From a private collection

The Water Feature of the Grove of the Museum of Marly, late 18th / early 19th century. Artist: Hubert Robert
The Water Feature of the Grove of the Museum of Marly, late 18th/early 19th century

Medal commemorating Pierre Janssen and Norman Lockyer, French and English astronomers, 1868
Medal commemorating Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer, French and English astronomers, 1868. In 1868, working independently of each other on spectroscopic studies of solar prominences

Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer, French and English astronomers, 1868. Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen (1824-1907), left, and Joseph Norman Lockyer (1836-1920)

River Landscape with Rustics and Horses, c1860. Artist: Edward Charles Williams
River Landscape with Rustics and Horses, c1860. A moonlit rural scene by a river. A half-timbered cottage with a tiled roof stands near the water and mature woodland reaches down to the riverbank

Series of observations of the planet Saturn, 1656. These observations made by Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), latinized name of the German astronomer Jan Hewel or Hewelcke

Reverse of a medal commemorating the brilliant comet of November 1618. The message says that God sent us the starry comet as a warning to us to lead better lives

Obverse of a medal commemorating the brilliant comet of November 1618. This comet prompted many pamphlets, including Galileo Galileis (1564-1642) polemical masterpiece Il Saggiatore (The Assayer)

Reverse of a medal commemorating the bright comet of 1577
Reverse ofa medal commemorating the bright comet of 1577. Known as Brahes comet, this is the comet which convinced the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

Obverse of a medal commemorating the bright comet of 1577. Known as Brahes comet, this is the comet which convinced the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

Villa Tournesol, 1899. A revolving clinic designed to take full advantage of the heat and light of the sun for therapeutic purposes

The solar spectrum, 1814. Joseph von Fraunhofers (1787-1826) drawing of the lines of the solar spectrum, and above it a curve showing the intensity of sunlight in different parts of the spectrum

Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist, c1895. Fraunhofer (1787-1826) founded an optical institute at Munich in 1807. His improvements to prisms

Geocentric or Earth-centred system of the universe, 1528. At the centre is the world showing Aristotles (384-323 BC) four elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water, surrounded by the spheres of the Sun

Total solar eclipse of 1860 observed from Tarragona, Spain, 1884. From Sun, Moon and Stars by Agnes Giberne. (London, 1884)

Forth Railway Bridge from the south-east, Scotland, c1895. This bridge, built for the North British Railway Company, was begun in 1882 and opened on 4 March 1890

Parhelia (mock suns) without haloes, observed in England in 1698, (1845). On this occasion the phenomenon, caused by atmospheric refraction, began at 8am when true Sun shone through watery cloud

Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights, curtain form 1839. [1872]. Artist: Rapine
Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights, curtain form, 1839 (1872). Observed at Bossekop, Norway, 19 January 1839. Aurorae are caused by the interaction of the particles in the solar wind with the Earths

Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights observed from northern Norway, 10 October 1868, (1906). Aurorae are caused by the interaction of the particles in the solar wind with the Earths magnetic field

Keplers explanation of the structure of the planetary system, 1619. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) used the five regular polyhedra between the spheres of the planets in the diagram of his explanation

Galileos drawing of lunar craters, 1611, (c1655). Galileo Galilei (1554-1642), Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist made the first effective working telescope in 1609

Geocentric or Earth-centred Universe, c1617. The Earth surrounded by the spheres of the elements water, air and fire, and by the spheres of the Moon

The relation of Man, the microcosm, with the Universe, the macrocosm, c1617. The spheres of the Sun, Moon and planets and the hierarchy of angels and archangels

The divine harmony of the universe, c1617. The hand of God turns the peg to tune the universe. From Utriusque cosmi... historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

Giant burning glass of the Academie des Sciences, Paris, 18th century, (1874). Artist: Amedee Guillemin
Giant burning glass of the Academie des Sciences, Paris, 18th century, (1874). Constructed under the direction of Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) and others, it was used for chemical experiments

Jules Verne (1828-1905), De la Terre a la Lune, 1865, Paris. Blast Off !

Jules Verne (1828-1905), Autour de la Lune, 1865. Space capsule manoeuvering ready for Moon landing

Music of the Spheres, 1619. The divine musical scales of the planets which German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) calculated from the velocities of the planets when closest to

Paris Observatory, France, 1740. Astronomers using telescopes to observe objects in the night sky including Saturn and the Moon

Title page of A Discourse Concerning a New World & Another Planet by John Wilkins, 1683. Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler are represented in the bottom corners. (London, 1683 (Ist edition 1640))

Descartes model of the Universe, 1668. Descartes Universe showing how matter which filled it was collected in vortices with a star at the centre of each, often orbiting planets

Keplers concept of an attractive force from the Sun - a virtue, early 16th century. Johannes Keplers (1571-1630) idea of gravity by which he hoped to account for his elliptical planetary orbits was

Keplers illustration to explain his discovery of the elliptical orbit of Mars, 1609. Working with data collected by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe

Cover of De la Terre a la Lune and Autour de la Lune, by Jules Verne, c1896
Cover of De la Terre a la Lune (From the Earth to the Moon) and Autour de la Lune (Around the Moon), from the Voyages Extraordinaires series by the popular French science fiction writer Jules Verne

The Atlantic Telegraph, c1878. Idealised view of the telegraph cable passing under the ocean from Valentia, Ireland to Trinity Bay, Newfoundland

Camera obscura, 1561. Projecting a solar eclipse into a darkened room through a small hole, showing how the image is inverted. From Problematum Astronomicorum by Daniele Santbech. (Basel, 1561)

Magnetism, c1850. Educational plate showing various aspects of magnetism and electromagnetism including a dip needle, compass, the lifting power of an electromagnet (12), Wheatstone telegraph (13)

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