Measurement Collection (#12)

Measured Drawing of a Horse in Profile to the Left, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Measured Drawing of a Horse in Profile to the Left, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Study of a Horse Marked Out for Measurement, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Study of a Horse Marked Out for Measurement, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Drawings of a Square Castle, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Drawings of a Square Castle, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945] From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Sheet of Pictographs, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Sheet of Pictographs, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Geometrical Figures and Designs for Allegorical Representations, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Geometrical Figures and Designs for Allegorical Representations, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Chariots Armed with Scythes and Flails and Horseman with Three Lances, c1480, (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Sketches of Chariots Armed with Scythes and Flails, of a Horseman with Three Lances and of a Machine for Hurling Stones for Battlements, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci

Georgian Armchair, 1922. Artist: Rachel C Raymond
Georgian Armchair, 1922. Drawing of a Georgian armchair of 1725 in English walnut from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Massachusetts. From The Architectural Forum Volume XXXVI

The River Avon, c1927, (1927). Artist: Reginald Belfield
The River Avon, c1927, (1927). From From Landscape To Studio, by Reginald Belfield. [Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, 1927]

Geometric map of islands, Willian H. Bacock, 1919
The American geographer Willian H. Bacock studying in 1918 the maps of Italian geographers of the 15th century, found accordance in them the Atlantic and from 1414

Method of measuring the surface of the Earth, late 15th or early 16th century (1954). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Method of measuring the surface of the Earth, late 15th or early 16th century (1954). Codex Atlanticus, 269v-a. A print from Leonardo da Vinci by Ludwig H Heydenreich. (London, 1954)

Elevation of Troughtons dividing engine, 18th century, (1886). Until the 1770s, scales on scientific instruments had been marked out by skilled craftsmen in a process called dividing

Crystallography, c19th century

The method and a scale for casting bombs into a town, 1748. A print from the Universal Magazine, 1748

Measurements of the lands of St Pauls within the City of London, (1886). A print from Guildhall of the City of London: Its History and Associations, Corporation of the City of London, 1886

Melancolia, 1514, (1936). Artist: Albrecht Durer
Melancolia, 1514, (1936). Found in the collection of the British Museum. A print from Durer, Und Seine Zeit, by Wilhelm Waetzoldt, Grosse Phaidon Ausgabe, 1936

System of Astronomy, c1790. Hand-coloured later

Charles X, King of France, 19th century. Artist: Perrot
Charles X, King of France, 19th century. The brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, Charles (1757-1836) came to the throne in succession to the latter in 1824

The Theatrical Steel Yards of 1750, (1751). Artist: Patrick O Brian
The Theatrical Steel Yards of 1750, (1751). Players hang from scales surmounted by the motto Totus mundus agit histrionem, - All the worlds a stage

Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, (1836). Artist: B Holl
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, (1836). Delambre (1749-1822) was Director of the Paris Observatory

King Peter I of Serbia, July 1914. Suffering from worsening ill health and with the outbreak of the First World War only a month away

Instruments used by Mr. Glaisher during his balloon ascent, 1862. Creator: Unknown
Instruments used by Mr. Glaisher during his balloon ascent, 1862. 1. Barometer; 2; Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer; 3. Daniell's Hygrometer; 4. Chronometer; 5. Bucket of Water to keep Bulb wet; A. B

Bag for sliding caliper used by Dr. Montague Cobb, mid 20th century. Creator: Unknown
William Montague Cobb (1904-1990) was an African-American physician, physical anthropologist and civil rights activist. A professor at Howard University

Sliding caliper used by Dr. Montague Cobb, mid 20th century. Creator: Unknown
Physician and physical anthropologist William Montague Cobb (1904-1990) was the first African-American Ph.D in anthropology. He was also involved in civil rights activism

Mensura, from Prosopographia, ca. 1585-90. ca. 1585-90. Creator: Philip Galle
Mensura, from Prosopographia, ca. 1585-90

Equilibrium and movement of the air, c1851. The effects of pneumatics and barometric pressure underwater and in the air, showing ballooning, a diving bell, divers in diving suits, an air gun

A Cool Customer. (1871?)
A Cool Customer, (1871?). A tailor welcomes his customer. The customer offers the tailor a choice of payment methods, none of which will result in the customers account being paid

Stanislaw August Poniatowski, King of Poland. Artist: C Warren
Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1732-1798) was the last King and Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He came to the throne in 1764 in a coup by the powerful Czartoryski family backed by

Raja, 1828. Artist: Marlet et Cie
Raja, 1828. A lithograph from L Inde Francais, 1828. From the collection of Jean Claude Carriere

Measuring the distance from ship to shore, using a quadrant marked with shadow-scales, 1598. From L usa della squadra mobile by Ottavius Fabri. (Venice, 1598)

Measuring the altitude of the Sun, 1539. From Cosmographia by Peter Apian. (Antwerp, 1539)

Title page of The Description and Use of the Sector by Edmund Gunter, 1636. It shows mariners holding various navigational instruments, including a sector and a cross-staff at the top

Cross-staffs used for surveying, 1551. In this case they are being used to measure the width of a river by triangulation. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

Using a cross-staff to measure the height of a tower, 1617-1619. From Utriusque cosmi...historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

Measuring the distance of an inaccessible object by triangulation using a hinged staff, 1617-1619. From Utriusque cosmi...historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

Finding the angular distance between two edges of a wood using a cross-staff, 1617-1619. From Utriusque cosmi...historia by Robert Fludd. (Oppenheim, 1617-1619)

The Tailor, 1918. Artist: Boris Mikhajlovich Kustodiev
The Tailor, study for the decoration of the Ruzheinaya (Rifle) Square in Petrograd, 1918

Tailor, c1845. In the centre the tailor is using a flat iron to press a jacket on an ironing board. At the bottom is a sheep, source of the wool from which the cloth for the jacket was woven

Surveying, early 17th century. Method of using a quadrant fitted with a plumb line and marked with shadow scales to measure the depth of a well. From Utriusque cosmi... historia by Robert Fludd

Surveying and timekeeping, 1551. On the left are various different kinds of sundial and a clock with a single arm. On the right a survey is being made of the height of the tower, using quadrants

Surveying, 1551. Obtaining the height of a building by the use of a cross-staff. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

Rene-Antoine Ferchault de Reamur, 18th century French physicist, 1874. Ferchault de Reamur (1683-1757) is shown constructing a thermometer using spirit instead of mercury

Torricellis demonstration of the effect of atmospheric pressure on a column of liquid, 1643 (1873)
Evangelista Torricellis demonstration of the effect of atmospheric pressure on a column of liquid, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647), Italian physicist and mathematician

Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873)
Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician, inventing the mercury barometer, 1643 (1873). Torricelli (1608-1647)

Von Guerickes water barometer, 1672. Fig I: details of parts; Fig II: complete barometer; Fig III: apparatus for the investigation of the weight of air; Fig IV: details of indicator

Blaise Pascal, 17th century French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher, 1878. Pascal (1623-1662) carrying out experiments with a mercury barometer on the tower of St

Experimental barometers used by the Accademia dell Cimento, Florence, Italy, 1691. Closed tube with mercury (left) and double water barometer (right)

Public weighbridge used to weigh cattle in a market, 1867. Animals are placed on the weighing platform and an attendant in the kiosk weighs them using a weighing machine based on the principle of

Using a quadrant with a plumb bob to calculate the height of a tower by triangulation, 1551. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

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