Katorga Collection

Kardashof, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right, between 1880 and 1886. Creator: Unknown
Kardashof, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right, between 1880 and 1886. Kardashof was one of three political exiles living in the Buriat village of Selenginsk whom Kennan visited in

Half-length portrait of a man, dressed in convict clothing, facing right, between 1880 and 1886. Creator: Unknown
Half-length portrait of a man, dressed in convict clothing, facing right, between 1880 and 1886. Inscribed on verso: Yonof - tried in [illegible]

A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts Sorting Ore at the Savinsk Mine, Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk... 1891
Hard Labor Convicts Sorting Ore at the Savinsk Mine, Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk Mining District, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891

A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts Hauling Construction Materials to Worksites in Gornyi Zerentui, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Hauling Construction Materials to Worksites in Gornyi Zerentui, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Lowering Hard Labor Convicts down a Shaft of the Savinsk Mine, Gornyi Zerentui... 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Lowering Hard Labor Convicts down a Shaft of the Savinsk Mine, Gornyi Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk Mining District, 1891

Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hard Labor Convicts Roasting Ore in the Yard of the Kutomara Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Roasting Ore in the Yard of the Kutomara Plant, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Indoor Work at the Old Algachinsk Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Indoor Work at the Old Algachinsk Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

View of the New Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant on the Byrka River, Amachinsk Ore Range, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Punishment Cell, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Punishment Cell, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in the Settlement, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in the Settlement, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in Prison, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in Prison, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

A Hard Labor Convict Attempts to Escape from the Work Site, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Hard Labor Convict Attempts to Escape from the Work Site, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

At Work in an Open-Pit Gold Mine, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
At Work in an Open-Pit Gold Mine, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts Working in the Blacksmith's Shop, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Working in the Blacksmith's Shop, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hard Labor Convicts at Work in the Shop, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts at Work in the Shop, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Dug-Out Shelters of Interned Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Dug-Out Shelters of Interned Families, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Children at the Kara Orphanage, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Children at the Kara Orphanage, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Orphanage at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Orphanage at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Infirmary for Hard Labor Convicts at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Infirmary for Hard Labor Convicts at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Warden's House at the Nizhniaia Kara Hard Labor Mining Works, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Warden's House at the Nizhniaia Kara Hard Labor Mining Works, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

St Nicholas Church Sredne-Kariiskii Mines, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
St Nicholas Church Sredne-Kariiskii Mines, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Ust'-Kara Prison Storehouses, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Ust'-Kara Prison Storehouses, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Ust'-Kara Hard Labor Convict Camp, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Ust'-Kara Hard Labor Convict Camp, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Shchedrin, one of four men chained to wheelbarrows at Kara, between 1880 and 1886. Creator: Unknown
Shchedrin, one of four men chained to wheelbarrows at Kara, between 1880 and 1886. A police photo of Shchedrin, half-length portrait, facing slightly right, dressed in convict clothing

Half-length portrait of a man, dressed in convict clothing, facing right, between 1880 and 1886. Creator: Unknown
Half-length portrait of a man, dressed in convict clothing, facing right, between 1880 and 1886. Inscribed on verso: Scheffer. At mines of Kara. Tried in Kiev with Molafski

Alexandra Ivanova Uspenskaia, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left, between 1870 and 1875. Creator: Unknown
Alexandra Ivanova Uspenskaia, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left, between 1870 and 1875. While discussing Count Leo Tolstoy's unsympathetic attitude toward Russia's political exiles

The chaining of prisoners, Sakhalin, Russia, 1890s. Artist: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
The chaining of prisoners, Sakhalin, Russia, 1890s. A large island off the Pacific coast of Siberia, Sakhalin became the site of prison labour camps known as katorga from 1857

Prisoners at work, Sakhalin, Russia, 1890s. Artist: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Prisoners at work, Sakhalin, Russia, 1890s. A large island off the Pacific coast of Siberia, Sakhalin became the site of prison labour camps known as katorga from 1857

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