Hard Labour Collection

Brixton purgatory, 1822. Prisoners Theodore Hook, William Cobbett, Henry Hunt and Thomas Wooler on the treadmill at Brixton Prison

American Sketches: Prison Life in Blackwell's Island, New York - outdoor work, 1876. Creator: Unknown
American Sketches: Prison Life in Blackwell's Island, New York - outdoor work, 1876. The outdoor employments assigned to most of the male convicts, who number above five hundred

American Sketches: Prison Life on Blackwell's Island - No. 1. returning from work, 1876. In the penitentiary...where the sketch was taken by our correspondent, the late M

Russia's Traetment of her Prisoners; Notes at Kharsakov, Saghalien, Eastern Siberia; Labour withou Creator: Unknown
Russia's Treatment of her Prisoners; Notes at Kharsakov, Saghalien, Eastern Siberia; Labour without Honour, convicts returning from work, 1890. From "The Graphic

The War Prison, near Toy-Royal, Dartmoor, 1850. Creator: Unknown
The War Prison, near Toy-Royal, Dartmoor, [Devon], 1850. The Government, in making Prince Town a convict station, might take the initiative with great advantage to the country...The situation

Women Hard Labor Convicts at Work, 1890. Creator: Ivan Nikolaevich Krasnov
Women Hard Labor Convicts at Work, 1890. The photographs were taken on Sakhalin Island during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and provide rare glimpses of the island's settlements

A Group of Hard Labor Convicts, 1890. Creator: Ivan Nikolaevich Krasnov
A Group of Hard Labor Convicts, 1890. The photographs were taken on Sakhalin Island during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and provide rare glimpses of the island's settlements, prisons

Work of Hard Labor Convicts, 1890. Creator: Ivan Nikolaevich Krasnov
Work of Hard Labor Convicts, 1890. The photographs were taken on Sakhalin Island during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and provide rare glimpses of the island's settlements, prisons

Following the Husband to Hard Labor. Irkutsk, 1904. Creator: Boris Vasilievich Smirnov
Following the Husband to Hard Labor. Irkutsk, 1904. Boris Vasilievich Smirnov (1881-1954) was a Russian artist who in 1904 traveled by prisoner transport from western Russia across Siberia

Exiled Captives Carting Manure at Korsakov Post in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

The Gulf of Aniva The Wharf at the Korsakov Prison, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
The Gulf of Aniva The Wharf at the Korsakov Prison, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony

Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony and place of exile for criminals

A Settlement in the Large Village of Korsakov in Winter, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
A Settlement in the Large Village of Korsakov in Winter, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

House of the Chief of the Korsakov District, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
House of the Chief of the Korsakov District, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony

The Settlement of Mikhaylovka, Populated by Convicts Who had Finished Their Prison Term...1880-1899 Creator
The Settlement of Mikhaylovka, Populated by Convicts Who had Finished Their Prison Term, Seven Miles from the Aleksandrovsk Post, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Prison Church at the Aleksandrovsk Post, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Prison Church at the Aleksandrovsk Post, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony and place of exile for criminals

Exiled Convicts Having Lunch near Their Huts during Work in the Taiga, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Exiled Convicts Building a Road through the Taiga, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Exiled Convicts Building a Road through the Taiga, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony

Exiled Convicts Hauling Coal in the Yards of the Due Coal Mine, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Exiled Convicts Hauling Coal in the Yards of the Due Coal Mine, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Prison Provisions Depot for the Derbinsky Prison in the Tym River Valley, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

A Church in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
A Church in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony and place of exile for criminals

Convicts on the Berezovy Ridge. A Rest Break during the Transportation of Goods to... 1880-1899
Convicts on the Berezovy Ridge. A Rest Break during the Transportation of Goods to the Island Interior in the Tym River Valley, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Barracks of the Tymovskoye Local Convict Camp in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Derbinsky Settlement in the Tym River Valley in the Interior of the Island, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

A Bridge over the Tym River near the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
A Bridge over the Tym River near the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts Sorting Ore at the Savinsk Mine, Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk... 1891
Hard Labor Convicts Sorting Ore at the Savinsk Mine, Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk Mining District, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891

A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts Hauling Construction Materials to Worksites in Gornyi Zerentui, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Hauling Construction Materials to Worksites in Gornyi Zerentui, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Lowering Hard Labor Convicts down a Shaft of the Savinsk Mine, Gornyi Zerentui... 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Lowering Hard Labor Convicts down a Shaft of the Savinsk Mine, Gornyi Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk Mining District, 1891

Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hard Labor Convicts Roasting Ore in the Yard of the Kutomara Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Roasting Ore in the Yard of the Kutomara Plant, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Indoor Work at the Old Algachinsk Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Indoor Work at the Old Algachinsk Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

View of the New Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant on the Byrka River, Amachinsk Ore Range, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Punishment Cell, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Punishment Cell, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in the Settlement, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in the Settlement, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in Prison, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in Prison, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

A Prison Animal Yard Derbinsky Prison in the Tymovsk Valley, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
A Prison Animal Yard Derbinsky Prison in the Tymovsk Valley, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Korsakov Regional Police Administration Building in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Due Coal Mine Alekseevsky Drift, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Due Coal Mine Alekseevsky Drift, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s. Sakhalin was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony and place of exile for criminals

Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

A Hard Labor Convict Attempts to Escape from the Work Site, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Hard Labor Convict Attempts to Escape from the Work Site, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi

Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

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