Georgius Collection

Merula, (c1430-1494), 1830. Creator: Unknown
Merula, (c1430-1494), 1830. Georgius Merula (c1430-1494) Italian humanist and classical scholar. From " Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard. [Thomas Tegg, R. Griffin and Co. J

A Silver Refinery, 1556, (1917)
A Silver Refinery, 1556. From De re metallica by Georg Bauer (1494-1555) (Latinized: Georgius Agricola), is a book cataloguing the art of mining, refining, and smelting metals, published in 1556

Prospecting for metals, 1556 (1956). From Georgius Agricolas De re Metallica. A print from Things, a volume about the origin and early history of many things, common and less common

Making and using elm tree pumps to drain mines before the days of the steam engine, 1556 (1956). From De re Metallica by Georgius Agricola

The First House In Brisbane, Australia, 1886. Artist: Georgius
The First House In Brisbane, Australia, 1886. Brisbane is the capital city of Queensland. Wood engraving from Picturesque Atlas of Australasia, Vol II, by Andrew Garran

Producing salt by evaporating natural brine by pouring it into a pit of burning charcoal, 1556. A rather impure product resulted. From De re metallica by Agricola (Georg Bauer). (Basel, 1556)

Georgius Agricola, 16th century German physician, mineralogist and metallurgist. Agricola (christened Georg Bauer) (1494-1555) was the author of De re metallica

Smelting of ores (gold, silver, copper and lead), 1556. A workman beats clay to make lute to line a furnace. On the floor are various tools needed during the smelting process

Lead smelting, 1556. From De re metallica by Agricola (Georg Bauer). (Basel, 1556)

Separating lead from silver or gold in a cupellation furnace, 1556. The Foreman consumed quantities of butter to avoid being poisoned (to prevent absorption of lead in the stomach)

Blast furnace for smelting iron ore, 1556. From De re Metallica by Georgius Agricola. Basel, 1556)

Stamp for breaking copper cupellation cakes for further refining, 1556. Powered by a water wheel through a drive shaft. From De re metallica by Georgius Agricola. (Basel, 1556)

Stamping and roasting ore to extract metal, 1556. This technique was used to extract lead, copper, silver and gold. The mill is powered by a water wheel

Sectional view of a German mine, 1556
Sectional view of a German mine showing the method of sinking shafts and driving horizontal galleries, 1556. A windlass is used to raise and lower men, materials and spoil

Draining a mine using a series of suction pumps powered by a water wheel, 1556. From De re metallica by Georgius Agricola. (Basel, 1556)

The Argonauts finding the Golden Fleece, 1556
The Argonauts finding the Golden Fleece, a fleece placed in a spring by the Colchians to collect alluvial gold dust, 1556

English countrywoman with lady of the Court, 1572. Artist: Georgius Braun
English countrywoman with lady of the Court, 1572. English countrywoman carrying basket of chickens and wearing apron over plain clothes (right)

Fish stall in a market, 1572. Artist: Georgius Braun
Fish stall in a market, 1572. A woman guts a fish while her companion drums up custom. Third woman rides into market with goods for sale. From Braun Civitates Orbis Terrarum, 1572

An apprentice, carrying a wooden vessel as tall as himself, on his way to fetch water, 1572. Artist: Georgius Braun
An apprentice, carrying a wooden vessel as tall as himself, on his way to fetch water, 1572. From Braun Civitates Orbis Terrarum, 1572

Bellows supplying draught to a smelting furnace, 1556. The bellows are operated by a camshaft powered by a water wheel (just visible at extreme right)

Sectional view of a mine showing shafts and galleries, 1556. At the surface of each shaft is a winch or windlass for raising and lowering loads

Smelting iron and hammering bars with a mechanical hammer, 1556. From De re metallica by Georgius Agricola. (Basel, 1556)

Refining copper: removing cakes of copper from the crucible and quenching in a tub of water, 1556. From De re metallica by Georgius Agricola. (Basel, 1556)

Reversible hoist for raising leather buckets from a mine shaft, 1556
Reversible hoist for raising leather buckets from a mine shaft powered by an overshot water wheel, 1556. A man in a hut at O opens and shuts water races to stop and start a double row of buckets

Crushing gold bearing ores in mills similar in principle to flour mills, 1556. At bottom left goats in a treadmill produce horizontal power which is transferred to a mill (A)

Washing for tin, 1556. After digging out a substantial amount, miners would alter the course of the stream, washing away light material and leaving tin-bearing ore

Steel production: a forge with bellows to produce draught, 1556. In the foreground bars are being hammered with a mechanical hammer

A mine being drained by a rag-and-chain pump powered by an overshot water wheel, 1556. At the right of the image is a detail of section of pipe K. From De re metallica by Georgius Agricola

Georgius Agricola (1494-1555), German physician, mineralogist and metallurgist, 1881. Agricola (christened Georg Bauer) was the author of De re metallica (Basel, 1555)

Pump powered by men in a treadmill, 1556. Woodcut showing a rag-and-chain pump for draining a mine, powered by men walking a treadmill

Roasting copper ore in a furnace at C, 1556.. A are cakes of smelted copper, B wooden faggots for heating the furnace. On right a man is using wooden wheelbarrow. From De re metallica by Agricola

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