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Forced Labour Collection

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Emmenes en esclavage; les enlevements de la semaine sainte de 1916 dans nos villes

Emmenes en esclavage; les enlevements de la semaine sainte de 1916 dans nos villes du Nord: le choix des victimes, 1916

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Exiled Captives Carting Manure at Korsakov Post in Southern Sakhalin

Exiled Captives Carting Manure at Korsakov Post in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: The Gulf of Aniva The Wharf at the Korsakov Prison

The Gulf of Aniva The Wharf at the Korsakov Prison, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky

Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Settlement in the Large Village of Korsakov in Winter

A Settlement in the Large Village of Korsakov in Winter, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: House of the Chief of the Korsakov District

House of the Chief of the Korsakov District, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: The Settlement of Mikhaylovka, Populated by Convicts Who had Finished Their Prison Term

The Settlement of Mikhaylovka, Populated by Convicts Who had Finished Their Prison Term, Seven Miles from the Aleksandrovsk Post, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Prison Church at the Aleksandrovsk Post

Prison Church at the Aleksandrovsk Post, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Exiled Convicts Having Lunch near Their Huts during Work in the Taiga

Exiled Convicts Having Lunch near Their Huts during Work in the Taiga, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Exiled Convicts Building a Road through the Taiga

Exiled Convicts Building a Road through the Taiga, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Exiled Convicts Hauling Coal in the Yards of the Due Coal Mine

Exiled Convicts Hauling Coal in the Yards of the Due Coal Mine, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Prison Provisions Depot for the Derbinsky Prison in the Tym River Valley

Prison Provisions Depot for the Derbinsky Prison in the Tym River Valley, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Church in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky

A Church in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
A Church in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Convicts on the Berezovy Ridge

Convicts on the Berezovy Ridge. A Rest Break during the Transportation of Goods to the Island Interior in the Tym River Valley, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Barracks of the Tymovskoye Local Convict Camp in the Settlement of Rykovsk

Barracks of the Tymovskoye Local Convict Camp in the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Derbinsky Settlement in the Tym River Valley in the Interior of the Island

Derbinsky Settlement in the Tym River Valley in the Interior of the Island, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Bridge over the Tym River near the Settlement of Rykovsk

A Bridge over the Tym River near the Settlement of Rykovsk, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Vagrant under Rural Guard, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Sorting Ore at the Savinsk Mine

Hard Labor Convicts Sorting Ore at the Savinsk Mine, Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk Mining District, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
A Vagrant on the Loose, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Hauling Construction Materials to Worksites in Gornyi Zerentui

Hard Labor Convicts Hauling Construction Materials to Worksites in Gornyi Zerentui, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Lowering Hard Labor Convicts down a Shaft of the Savinsk Mine

Lowering Hard Labor Convicts down a Shaft of the Savinsk Mine, Gornyi Zerentui Section of the Nerchinsk Mining District, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill

Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Internees Praying outside the Gornyi Zerentui Prison, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Roasting Ore in the Yard of the Kutomara Plant

Hard Labor Convicts Roasting Ore in the Yard of the Kutomara Plant, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
East Side of the Kutomara Silver Smelting Plant, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Indoor Work at the Old Algachinsk Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant

Indoor Work at the Old Algachinsk Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: View of the New Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant on the Byrka River

View of the New Silver and Lead Ore Enrichment Plant on the Byrka River, Amachinsk Ore Range, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Punishment Cell, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Punishment Cell, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Punishment Cell, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in the Settlement

Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in the Settlement, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in Prison

Roll Call of Hard Labor Convicts Serving Their Sentence in Prison, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Visiting with Their Families, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Prison Animal Yard Derbinsky Prison in the Tymovsk Valley

A Prison Animal Yard Derbinsky Prison in the Tymovsk Valley, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Korsakov Regional Police Administration Building in Southern Sakhalin

Korsakov Regional Police Administration Building in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts in Southern Sakhalin

Korsakov Prison for Exiled Convicts in Southern Sakhalin, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Due Coal Mine Alekseevsky Drift, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky

Due Coal Mine Alekseevsky Drift, 1880-1899. Creator: Innokenty Ignatievich Pavlovsky
Due Coal Mine Alekseevsky Drift, 1880-1899. From an album created on Sakhalin Island in the 1890s

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Returning from Work, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: A Hard Labor Convict Attempts to Escape from the Work Site

A Hard Labor Convict Attempts to Escape from the Work Site, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hauling Water to the Prison Camp and Gardens, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts at Rest in the Pit, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: At Work in an Open-Pit Gold Mine, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

At Work in an Open-Pit Gold Mine, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
At Work in an Open-Pit Gold Mine, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts Working in the Blacksmith's Shop, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Hard Labor Convicts Working in the Blacksmith's Shop, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Working in the Blacksmith's Shop, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Hard Labor Convicts at Work in the Shop, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Hard Labor Convicts at Work in the Shop, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts at Work in the Shop, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Dug-Out Shelters of Interned Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Dug-Out Shelters of Interned Families, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Dug-Out Shelters of Interned Families, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Children at the Kara Orphanage, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Children at the Kara Orphanage, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Children at the Kara Orphanage, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Orphanage at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Orphanage at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Orphanage at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Infirmary for Hard Labor Convicts at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works

Infirmary for Hard Labor Convicts at the Nizhniaia Kara Mining Works, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Warden's House at the Nizhniaia Kara Hard Labor Mining Works

Warden's House at the Nizhniaia Kara Hard Labor Mining Works, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: St Nicholas Church Sredne-Kariiskii Mines, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

St Nicholas Church Sredne-Kariiskii Mines, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
St Nicholas Church Sredne-Kariiskii Mines, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Ust'-Kara Prison Storehouses, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Ust'-Kara Prison Storehouses, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Ust'-Kara Prison Storehouses, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Ust'-Kara Hard Labor Convict Camp, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov

Ust'-Kara Hard Labor Convict Camp, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Ust'-Kara Hard Labor Convict Camp, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps)

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities

Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities

Transporting Cargo from Barges to Prison Storage Facilities, 1891

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Port Arthur. Looking West, 1901. Creator: Unknown

Port Arthur. Looking West, 1901. Creator: Unknown
Port Arthur. Looking West, 1901. Convict-built church at Port Arthur, a former penal colony on the Tasman Peninsula, Australia built within the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Israelites and Their Taskmasters, 1890. Creator: Unknown

Israelites and Their Taskmasters, 1890. Creator: Unknown
Israelites and Their Taskmasters, 1890. (Exodus 1:11) The Egyptians made the Israelites their slaves and forced them to build Pithom and Pi-Ramesses as store cities for the Pharaoh

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Building a Pyramid, 1890. Creator: Unknown

Building a Pyramid, 1890. Creator: Unknown
Building a Pyramid, 1890. Most Ancient Egyptian buildings were made of mud brick and limestone as readily available materials. Monumental buildings were made of post and lintel

Background imageForced Labour Collection: The Building of Babel, 1890. Creator: Unknown

The Building of Babel, 1890. Creator: Unknown
The Building of Babel, 1890. Following the Great Flood, humanity agree to build a tower tall enough to reach heaven. From " Cassells Illustrated Universal History, Vol

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Prisoners Working on the Treadmill, c1934

Prisoners Working on the Treadmill, c1934. Illustration showing the 19th century method of forcing idle prisoners to take exercise

Background imageForced Labour Collection: French women enlisting for war work in Germany, 1940-1944

French women enlisting for war work in Germany, 1940-1944

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Citizens of Paris outside a German labour recruitment office, 1940-1944

Citizens of Paris outside a German labour recruitment office, 1940-1944

Background imageForced Labour Collection: Splendid Jem amongst the convicts in the Naval Dock Yard at Chatham

Splendid Jem amongst the convicts in the Naval Dock Yard at Chatham
Splendid Jem, once a dashing hero in the Metropolis, recognised by Tom amongst the convicts in the Naval Dock Yard at Chatham, 1821


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