Element Collection (page 4)

Medal commemorating Pierre Janssen and Norman Lockyer, French and English astronomers, 1868
Medal commemorating Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer, French and English astronomers, 1868. In 1868, working independently of each other on spectroscopic studies of solar prominences

Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer, French and English astronomers, 1868. Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen (1824-1907), left, and Joseph Norman Lockyer (1836-1920)

Lavoisiers investigation of the existence of oxygen in the air, late 18th century, (1894). French chemist Antoine Lavoisiers (1743-1794) experiment to demonstrate the existence of oxygen

Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen and Henry Roscoe, scientists, c1860. Left to right: Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887), German physicist; Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen (1811-1899)

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1873. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, German physicist, 1876. Kirchhoff (1824-1887) is known for his work on electricity, heat and optics

Regular geometrical solids of various types, 1619. On centre right are the geometrical solids for the elements Earth, Air, Fire, Water and the fifth heavenly element

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 18th century French chemist, 1801. Among other achievements, Lavoisier (1743-1794) was one of the discoverers of oxygen, and established the laws of chemical combination

Experiment designed to show that air has weight, 1672. From Experimenta Nova ut vocantur Magdeburgica De Vacuo Spatio (New Magdeburg Experiments About the Vacuum by Otto von Guericke)

Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Artist: Simon Charles Miger
Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, French physicist, c1783. Print celebrating the first ascent in a hydrogen-balloon, made by Charles (1746-1823) from the Tuileries, Paris, on 1 December 1783

Henri Moissan, French chemist, c1883 (1903). Moissan (1852-1907) working on fluorine in his laboratory at l Ecole de pharmacie, Paris. He isolated fluorine in 1883

Henri Moissan, French chemist, c1900. Moissan (1852-1907) recovering diamonds after dissolving the iron surrounding them after the final stage in his production of artificial diamonds at the Edison

Rail mounted coal cutting machine, 1864. This was powered by compressed air produced by a steam engine at the pithead

Wedgewood plaque of Joseph Priestley (1733-1804). English Presbyterian minister and chemist

Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), English Presbyterian minister and chemist, 1801
Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) English Presbyterian minister and chemist. From a print published in 1801. Eagle represents the USA as Priestley had emigrated there by this time

Reverse of commemorative medal for Joseph Priestley, English chemist, 1803
Reverse of commemorative medal for Joseph Priestley, English Presbyterian minister and chemist, 1803. Showing his pneumatic trough for collecting gases, and other equipment

Obverse of commemorative medal for Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), 1803. English Presbyterian minister and chemist

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac making a balloon ascent from Paris, 14 September 1804 (1910). On this flight, French chemist and physicist Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist, physicist and balloonist, c1824. Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) investigated the behaviour of gases and developed techniques of chemical analysis

Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French scientists, 1804 (1870). Biot (1774-1864) and Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)

Joseph Priestley, English chemist and Presbyterian minister, 1791. Artist: William Bromley
Joseph Priestley, English Chemist and Presbyterian minister, 1791. Priestley (1733-1804) was a pioneer in the study of gases and is recognised as one of the discoverers of oxygen

Experiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). Artist: Robert Brown
Experiment to calculate the speed of sound in air, Paris, 1822, (c1880). In 1822 the French appointed a commission to find the speed of sound in air

Spectroscopic apparatus used by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, c1895
Spectroscopic apparatus used by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887). Discovered Spectrum Analysis (1859)

Members of the French air corps on bomb practice at Chalons, 1912
Members of the French air corps on bomb practice at Chalons. From Le Petit Journal, Paris, 14 April 1912

Alchemical symbolism, 1652. A toad and serpent representing two basic types of element; fixed and earthy (toad) and the volatile (serpent). The flying eagle represents sublimation

Marie Curie, Polish-born French physicist, 1929. Marie (1867-1934) and her husband Pierre Curie continued the work on radioactivity started by Henri Becquerel

Marie Curie, Polish-born French physicist, 1925. Marie Curie (1867-1934) in her office at the Radium Institute, Paris, of which she was director of research from 1918-1934

Marie Curie, Polish-born French physicist, in her laboratory, 1912. Marie (1867-1934) and her husband Pierre Curie continued the work on radioactivity started by Henri Becquerel

Marie Curie, Polish-born French physicist, 1931. Marie (1867-1934) and her husband Pierre Curie continued the work on radioactivity started by Henri Becquerel

Marie (1867-1934) and Pierre (1859-1906) Curie. With their daughter Irene in the garden of their house on Boulevard Kellermann, Paris

Mining Pitchblende, Cornwall, England, c1916. Radium, isolated by the Curies in 1898, is extracted from this ore

Pierre and Marie Curie, French scientists, at work in the laboratory. Polish-born Marie Curie (1867-1934) and her husband Pierre (1859-1906)

Marie Curie, Polish-born French physicist, 1910. Marie Curie (1867-1934) and her husband Pierre continued the work on radioactivity started by Henri Becquerel

Medal commemorating Marie Sklodowska Curie, Polish-born French physicist, 1967. Obverse of a medal issued in 1967 to commemorate the centenary of her birth

Apparatus used by Pierre and Marie Curie in their research into radium, 1904. This equipment was used by the Curies to investigate the deflection of the beta rays from radium in a magnetic field

A stage in the separation of radium from pitchblende using sodium carbonate, c1900. A scene in the laboratory of the Nobel Prize winning physicists Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris

Ward in the Hampstead Smallpox Hospital, 1871. This was under the management of the Metropolitan Asylums Board and was built to meet the needs of the epidemic of the winter of 1870 to 1871

Chemical lecture, 1802. Artist: James Gillray
Chemical lecture; Scientific Researches! - New Discoveries in Pneumaticks! or - an Experimental Lecture on the Powers of Air!, 1802

Solway Chemical Works, Whitehaven, Cumberland, 20th century. Artist: CM Dixon
Solway Chemical Works, Whitehaven, Cumberland, 20th century. Chemical plants involve the industrial process of manufacturing (or otherwise processessing) chemicals, usually on a large scale

Birthplace of Joseph Priestley, Birstall, West Yorkshire, England, 20th century. Artist: CM Dixon
Birthplace of Joseph Priestley, Birstall, West Yorkshire, England, 20th century. Joseph Priestley (1733- 1804) was an 18th-century English theologian, dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher

Hot springs at Namaskard near Myvatn, Iceland, 20th century. Artist: CM Dixon
Hot springs at Namaskard near Myvatn, Iceland, 20th century. Namaskard mountain pass is located in the foothills of Hverarondor Hverir

Pyrite, feS2

Iron Pyrites

Sulphur from Sicily

Radium experiment, 1904. Artist: Poyet
Radium experiment, 1904. Paths of alpha, beta, and gamma particles from a radium sample placed between the poles of an electromagnet, as used in Marie and Pierre Curies laboratory, Paris

Title page of Isagoge in Typum Cosmographicum seu Mappam Mundi by Peter Apian, 1523. The page is illustrated with a map, centred on the Mediterranean, showing only three continents, Europe

The Eleventh Key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk and alchemist, 1651
The eleventh key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk and alchemist, 1651. Symbolising multiplication, two lions represent sulphur consumed by mercury being transformed

Alchemical symbol representing the transmutation of base metal into silver and gold, 1652. The transmutation of base metal (Earth at bottom) into gold (Sun) and silver (Moon)

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