12th Century Collection (page 43)

A Warder - The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200
The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200. A Warder piece from a collection of ninety-three found at Uig on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland

Knights - The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200
The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200. Knight pieces from a collection of ninety-three found at Uig on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland

A Knight - The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200
The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200. A Knight piece from a collection of ninety-three found at Uig on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland

Bust of Pope Clement XIV. Artist: Christopher Hewetson
Bust of Pope Clement XIV (1705-1774). He was involved in the suppression of the Jesuits, and knighted the young Mozart. From the V&As Collection

Detail of the wooden portal of Hylestad Church, Norway, showing Sigurd killing Regin the smith

Helmsley Castle, Yorkshire

Easby Abbey, Yorkshire, founded 1152
Easby Abbey, Yorkshire, in July. The abbey was founded in 1152 by Roald, Constable of Richmond Castle, and dissolved by Henry VIII

A Bishop - The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200
The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200. A Bishop piece from a collection of ninety-three found at Uig on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland

A Queen - The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200
The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200. A Queen piece from a collection of ninety-three found at Uig on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland

The Lewis Chessmen, (Norwegian?), c1150-c1200. King and Queen pieces from a collection of ninety-three found at Uig on the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland

Twelfth century illustration of the murder of St Thomas-a-Becket (1118-1170) from a psalter
Illustration, from a late 12th century psalter, of the murder of St Thomas-a-Becket on the 29th of December 1170. The leader of the murderers is Reginald Fitzurse - note the bear on his shield

Twelfth century illustration of St Dunstan (909-988) as a scribe. He was an Archbishop of Canterbury
Illustration, painted at Canterbury, of St Dunstan (909-988) as a scribe, part of a latin commentary on the rule of St Benedict. This piece is from the British Library

St. Patricks Cross, Cshel, Co. Tipperary, Eire
St.Patricks Cross, Cshel, Co.Tipperary, Eire

Armoured knights jousting at a tournament, 12th century, c1820. The knight on far side has a shattered lance and is being unhorsed

Empress Matilda escaping from the besieged Oxford Castle, 1142 (c19th century). Matilda was the wife of Henry V of Germany, daughter of Henry I of England and mother of Henry II

Naming of Saint John the Baptist. After a 12th century wall painting in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral, England

Louis VI of France granting the citizens of Paris their first charter, 12th century (c1858-1921)
Louis VI, King of France, granting the citizens of Paris their first charter, 12th century (c1858-1921). Louis VI (1081-1137), known as Louis le Gros (Louis the Fat), became King of France in 1108

Richard I Coeur de Lion (Lionheart), 12th century King of England, 1528. Artist: Wynkyn de Worde
Richard I Coeur de Lion (Lionheart), 12th century King of England, 1528. Richard (1157-1199), shown here in armour mounted on a caparisoned horse, became king in 1189

St Bernard of Clairvaux, 19th century. Born in Burgandy, Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153) became a Cistercian Abbot and one of the great Doctors of the Christian Church

Frederick I, Barbarossa, 12th century Holy Roman Emperor, 13th century. Frederick, Duke of Swabia (c1123-1190), succeeded his uncle Conrad III as Holy Roman Emperor in 1152

The dispute of Thomas a Becket and Henry II, 1170 (c1180). Thomas a Becket (1118-1170), Archbishop of Canterbury, in dispute with Henry II (1133-1189) King of England from 1154

Eltenberg Reliquary, c1150. A reliquary from the Rhine Valley. From the Victoria and Albert Museum, London

St Blaise and St Guerin, 19th century. St Blaise or Blasius, Bishop of Sebaste, Armenia, was martyred in c316. St Guerin (1065-1150) was a Swiss Benedectine monk who became Bishop of Sion, Valais

Plan of the water supply system to Canterbury Cathedral, c1150. The cathedral complex was supplied by five springs outside city

Scenes from the life of Christ, and doctors with patients, c1300. Illuminated miniatures showing incidents from the life of Christ (top row), and below

David and Goliath, c1130. Artist: Master of the Last Judgement
David and Goliath, c1130. David removing Goliaths head from his body

Illustration from Homilies on the Virgin, Byzantine manuscript, 12th century. Artist: James of Kokkinobaphos
Illustration from Homilies on the Virgin, Byzantine manuscript, 12th century. The Ascension (centre), David (right, wearing crown) and the Prophet Isiah (left)

Council of Acre and the Siege of Damascus, 1147-1148 (late 12th century). Events from the Second Crusade showing the Council of Acre (top)

Coronation of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Matilda. Henry (1129-1195), Duke of Saxony from 1146 married Matilda, daughter of Henry II of England, in 1168

Stigmatisation of St Francis 1300. Artist: Giotto
Stigmatisation of St Francis 1300. St Francis of Assisi portrayed in a monks habit, tonsured, and with a golden halo, kneeling as he receives the stigmata, the wounds of Christ

Knights jousting at a tournament, 12th century, (c1815). The scene is set in England during the time of Henry II (1154-1189), the first Plantagenet English king

Saladin, c1180. Saladin or Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, (1137-93), Sultan of Egypt and Syria, leader of Muslim armies against the Crusaders. After a contemporary miniature c1180

Eadwine the Scribe, c mid 12th century. From a psalter written at Christ Church, Canterbury about the middle of the 12th century by Eadwine, a monk of the house

Battle of Alnwick, Northumberland, 1174, (1864). Victorian depiction of the capture of William I of Scotland, The Lion (1143-1214) by the English

Heiji Rebellion, Japan, 1159. The abduction of the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa by Fusiwara No Nobuyori. Go-Shirakawa was later freed and Nobuyori killed, by Taira no Kiyomori

Death of King William II, 1100 (1864). William II (Rufus), King of England from 1087, was shot and killed by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest

Death of Frederick I Barbarossa, 1190 (2nd half of 13th century). Frederick I (c1123-1190), Holy Roman emperor from 1152, drowned trying to cross the River Saleph in Cilicia

Empress Matilda, daughter and dispossessed heiress of Henry I of England, c1860. Matilda (1102-1167) allowed by the King, Stephen, to leave Arundel Castle for Gloucester in 1139

William de Breteuil defending the treasury at Winchester against Henry I, c1860. Henry (1068-1135) seized the crown on the death of his brother William II in 1100

Henry II, King of England, c1860. Henry II (1133-89), the first Plantagenet king of England, ruled from 1154. Here Henry is authorising Dermot MacMorrough, banished king of Leinster

Henry I, king of England, c1900. The youngest son of William I, the Conqueror, Henry I (1068-1135) became king in 1100

Henry II, king of England, c1900. Henry II (1138-1189), the first Plantagenet king of England reigned from 1154

A Plantagenet king of England dining. The king depicted is possibly Henry II, who reigned from 1154-1189. Chromolithograph from medieval manuscript

A Plantagenet king of England out hunting. The king depicted is possibly King John (1167-1216). Chromolithograph after a medieval manuscript

Gold mask, Chimu people, Peru, 1100-1500. The Chimu were a pre-Inca people who were fine goldsmiths. They were conquered by the Inca in 1475-1476

Cliff Palace, Native American, Mesa Verde, Colorado, USA, 12th-13th century. Cliff Palace is a settlement built into an alcove in a sandstone cliff by Pueblo People

Hell, 12th century. Engraving after a miniature in a 12th century manuscript, Hortus deliciarum, produced in a monastery at Hohembourg

The murder of Thomas a Becket, 1170 (1864)
The murder of Thomas a Becket, 1170 (1825). Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162, Becket clashed almost incessantly with King Henry II over the question of the independence of the Church from

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