Pictures Dated 22nd September 2007

Dominique Francois Jean Arago, French astronomer, physicist and politician, (c1900). Artist: Unknown

Dominique Francois Jean Arago, French astronomer, physicist and politician, (c1900). Portrait of Arago and the fall of a meteorite at noon. Arago (1786-1853) made important discoveries in the fields of astronomy, magnetism and optics. He was appointed director of the Paris Observatory in 1843. A staunch republican, he entered politics in 1830 and became a member of the provisional government formed after the Revolution of 1848. Trade card, one from a series on astronomers produced by Liebig extract of meat, (c1900).

© The Print Collector / Heritage-Images

Elevation of Troughton's dividing engine, 18th century, (1886). Artist: Unknown

Elevation of Troughton's dividing engine, 18th century, (1886). Until the 1770s, scales on scientific instruments had been marked out by skilled craftsmen in a process called 'dividing', this was partly mechanized from the 1770s when dividing engines were introduced. Originally used on small instruments, by the 1850s they were used to graduate scales on large astronomical telescopes, making hand-dividing obsolete. This particular example was completed by John Troughton, and is similar to the first successful dividing engine which was completed in about 1775 by Jesse Ramsden. Illustration from Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts, Mechanical and Chemical, Manufactures, Mining, and Engineering, by Charles Tomlinson, Volume I, (James S Virtue, London, 1886).

© The Print Collector / Heritage-Images

'Paris Pris du Louvre', c1850-1895 (1924). Artist: Maxime Lalanne

'Paris Pris du Louvre', c1850-1895 (1924). A print from A History of French Etching from the 16th Century to the Present Day, by F L Leipnik, John Lane the Bodley Head Limited, London, 1924. Found in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum.

© The Print Collector / Heritage-Images

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