Images Dated 5th August 2005 (page 5)

Kepler and Brahe at work together (c1600), c1870. German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), left, with the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1564-1601)

Mesmers tub, 1779 (1875). In 1779, soon after the publication of his treatise Memoire sur la decouverte de magnetism animal, Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the founder of Mesmerism

Hypnosis, 1889. Placing a patient under the influence of hypnotism, top, and releasing him from that influence, bottom. From The Illustrated Practical Mesmerist by William Davey. (London, 1889)

Hypnosis: introvision (power of looking into a body), 1889. The most practical and valuable aspect of supersensuous perception, is known as introvision

Jean Martin Charcot demonstrating hypnosis, 1879. Charcot (1825-1893), French neurologist and pathologist, demonstrating the production of hypnosis using beam of light from a magic lantern

Ideal Jurassic landscape in America, 1884. Artist: Othniel Charles Marsh
Ideal Jurassic landscape in America, 1884. From fossil evidence, Othniel Marsh imagined a scene during the late Jurassic epoch 163 to 161 million years ago, with Stegosaurus

Jean Martin Charcot, French neurologist and pathologist, 1893. Charcot (1825-1893) worked at the Salpetriere Hospital, Paris from 1862, and established a neurological unit there

A Sawrian, 1836. Artist: John Scott
A Sawrian, 1836. Cartoon on Gideon Mantell (1790-1852) the English geologist who discovered a saurian, the Iguanodon, near Cuckfield, Sussex, in 1820

Samoyed travelling on a sleigh pulled by reindeer, late 16th-early 17th century. Dutch depiction of a Samoyed man (indigenous Siberian) driving a sleigh or sledge

Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish chemist and physicist, 1739. Artist: George Vertue
Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish chemist and physicist, 1739. After attending school at Eton, Boyle (1627-1691), the seventh son of the 1st Earl of Cork, spent six years in Europe

Blast furnaces, South Wales, 1885. The pollution being generated during the production of iron and steel at Siemens Iron and Steel Works, Landore

Industrial laboratory at Thomas Firth & Sons Norfolk Works, Sheffield, c1900. Thomas Firth & Sons Ltd was founded c1840 by Mark Firth

Interior, Thomas Firth & Sons Norfolk Works, Sheffield, c1890. Twelve men, each with a work station facing a window, hand-cutting files from blanks of crucible steel

Needle making workshop, 1751-1780. Cutting needle lengths from steel wire (1), flattening the end (4), stamping the eye (2), punching the eye (3), filing the eye and pointing the end (7)

Slaves working on a tobacco plantation, 1833. In the foreground tobacco is baled and barrelled ready to be taken off the plantation. In the background are the cabins in which the slaves lived

Execution of Kemmler, the first man to die in the electric chair, USA, 6 August 1890
Execution of Kemmler, the first man to die in the electric chair, Auburn Prison, USA, 6 August 1890. William Kemmler, a brute who chopped a woman to bits with an axe

Electric chair, 1898. The Death Chair. In reality it is a simple, though exceedingly strongly made, ordinary chair, the electric apparatus being entirely separate

Map of stellar constellations, 1775. Constellations of Perseus carrying the head of Medusa, Andromeda chained to a rock, and the Triangle (Triangulum)

Indian sailing ships described by Marco Polo, 15th century. The ships are cogs, the general European trading vessels of the time

Scene from Marco Polos Book of Marvels... early 15th century. Artist: Master of Boucicaut
Scene from Marco Polos Book of Marvels... early 15th century, showing merchants entering a walled town, mason and carpenter at work, a shopkeeper serving a customer, and men driving swine

Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry, 1896. Artist: Hal Hurst
Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry, 1896. Theresa Susey Helen, Marchioness of Londonderry, nee Chetwynd-Talbot (1856-1919), English political hostess, in white with parasol

Robert Stawell Ball, British astronomer, mathematician, lecturer and populariser of science, 1905. Artist: Spy
Robert Stawell Ball, Irish-born British astronomer, mathematician, lecturer and populariser of science, 1905. Ball (1840-1913), Lord Rosses astronomer at Parsonstown, Ireland

Samuel Bakers boat hauled through river grass, 1864 (1874). Samuel White Baker (1821-1893), English explorer and anti-slavery campaigner, left Khartoum, Sudan

Boyers photographic studio, 1899. Family posing within a wooden framework with gauze-like material stretched over it. This produced an evenly diffused light when the magnesium flash on the top right

Portrait photographers studio, c1880. The photographer, with his head under a black cloth, is focusing on his sitter. He is using a plate camera on a tripod

Photographers studio, c1895. The photogapher is focusing on his sitters. Above is a bank of arc lights. The use of bright artificial light meant that exposure times could be reduced to a few seconds

Portrait photography as a fitting career for a young woman, 1884. A female photographer uses a plate camera on a tripod to take a childs portrait in her studio

Ferdinand Fouque, French geologist and petrologist, 1904. Fouque (1828-1904) worked on the Geological Survey of France. He made a particular study of volcanoes and earthquakes

Standard Metre in the Petit Luxembourg, Paris, 1904. Set up when metrification was introduced by the French National Assembly between 1791 and 1795

Hypnosis subject suffering from imaginary toothache, 1891. An Irish physician using the pseudonym Dr Stanley gave a demonstration of hypnosis using the methods of French neurologist Jean Martin

Subject going into a hypnotic trance, 1891. An Irish physician using the pseudonym Dr Stanley gave a demonstration of hypnosis using the methods of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893)

Subjects hypnotised by the sound of a gong, 1891. An Irish physician using the pseudonym Dr Stanley gave a demonstration of hypnosis using the methods of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot

Hypnotised subject in a state of catalepsy, 1891. An Irish physician using the pseudonym Dr Stanley gave a demonstration of hypnosis using the methods of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot

Tapping a blast furnace and casting iron into pigs, c1900. From The Marvels of Metals by FM Holmes. (London, c1900)

Wilsons cloud chamber, c1927. Artist: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
Wilsons cloud chamber, c1927. Charles Thompson Rees Wilson (1869-1959), Scottish nuclear and atomic physicist, was award the 1927 Nobel prize for Physics for the invention of his cloud chamber

Steam engine by James Watt, 1915. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, greatly improved the efficiency of the steam engine by inventing the separate condenser

Herbert Spencer, English philosopher and sociologist, 1897. Born in Derby, Spencer (1820-1903) put forward the idea and coined the term survival of the fittest and was an advocate of social Darwinism

John Stevens Henslow, English botanist, geologist and clergyman, 1861. Henslow (1796-1861) was professor of mineralogy (1822-1827) and of botany (1827-1861) at Cambridge

Europeans in a smallpox quarantine camp at El Tor, North Africa, 1884. Passengers from the SS Mira at a camp on the Arabian Coast

Three generations of women, 1814. A cottager is spinning wool, using a simple wheel without treadle, while her mother reels yarn. Her daughter stirs a cast iron pot standing on an open fire

Nant-y-Glow Iron Works, Monmouthshire, Wales, c1780, (c1830). This shows the works by moonlight. The buildings on the left are probably puddling furnaces, those on the right blast furnaces

Hypnotised subjects attracted by a matchbox, 1891. An Irish physician using the pseudonym Dr Stanley giving a demonstration of hypnosis using the methods of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot

Gentlemans model country estate, c1750. The property of David Wells at Burbage (Burbach), Leicestershire, England, showing the house

Gideon Algernon Mantell, English geologist, 1852. In 1820 Mantell (1790-1852) discovered fossil parts of the Iguanodon and deduced from its teeth that it was a herbivore

Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1882. Playfair (1818-1898) on the first day of the new session in the Commons

James Jeans, English mathematician and physicist. Jeans (1877-1946) held the chair of applied mathematics at Princeton University (1905-1909), lectured at both Oxford and Cambridge

Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1890-1894. Artist: W&D Downey
Lyon Playfair, Scottish chemist and politician, 1890-1894. Playfair (1818-1898) studied chemistry at Glasgow under Thomas Graham, and under Liebig at Giessen

Charles Plumier, French friar, botanist and botanical explorer, 1762. Plumier (1646-1702) was born in Marseilles. Appointed royal botanist by Louis XIV in 1693

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