Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 8)

Typical enlarged spleen of a Malaria patient, c1890. Malaria is caused a parasitic protozoa transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito

Painting a wound with an antiseptic solution, c1890. From Les Grands Maux et les Grands Remedes (The Principal Illnesses and Their Remedies) by Jules Rengade. (Paris, c1890)

Using a laryngoscope to aid the removal of a polyp from the throat, c1890. A small mirror on a long metal handle was invented in 1854 by a Spanish singing teacher Manuel Garcia (1805-1906)

Electric overhead monorail at Barmen-Elberfeld (now Wuppertal), Germany, 1901. This, the worlds first and oldest still operating

Potato peeler, 1899. A machine for washing, peeling and removing eyes and sprouts from potatoes. Les Inventions Illustrees. (Paris, May 1899)

Villa Tournesol, 1899. A revolving clinic designed to take full advantage of the heat and light of the sun for therapeutic purposes

Women washing the precious metal platinum from alluvial gravels, Urals, Russia, 1916

The Wear above Sunderland Iron Bridge, c1829. Artist: R Francis
The Wear above Sunderland Iron Bridge, c1829. The Wear was an important waterway for exporting the coal and chemical and industrial products of the area

Cameramen under fire while filming in the First Balkan War, 1912. By 1912 cinemas were showing newsreels and war reporters were being accompanied by camera teams

Killing Birds of Paradise, New Guinea, 1908. The European hunter has a gun, while the native is proving himself proficient with his bow and arrow

Mendelian inheritance of colour of flower in the culinary pea, 1912. Pink-flowered race (left), white-flowered race (right), and a cross between the two (centre)

Firing a cannon into clouds to prevent a hail storm, 1901. It was claimed that rain fell instead of the anticipated hail which would have damaged the grape vines in the wine producing area of

Various pumps for raising water, 1816. Including a triple pump (top right) and a man-powered balance pump (bottom right). From Encyclopaedia Londinensis. (London, 1816)

Seamen hauling a clinker-built dinghy up onto the shore, 1821. In this type of construction the planks of the vessel overlap the plank below and are fastened with clinched

Glass cutter decorating table ware on a carborundum wheel, 1867. He turns the wheel by working a treadle with his foot. From Alphabet des Arts et Metiers. (Paris, 1867)

Ironing room in a laundry, 1867. The washroom can be seen through the door in the background. On the left is the stove for heating flatirons

Public weighbridge used to weigh cattle in a market, 1867. Animals are placed on the weighing platform and an attendant in the kiosk weighs them using a weighing machine based on the principle of

Cretin aged 15, c1890.Cretinism in infants and children is caused by a defective thyroid gland and failure to produce the hormone thyroxine. Sufferers are mentally and physically retarded

Solar motor by Aubrey Eneas of Boston, c1905 (c1910). Demonstrated at Edwin Cawstons ostrich farm Pasadena, California. A reflector 33 feet (10.05 metres)

Flight of locks on the Saima Canal, Finland, c1900. A ship is descending the flight. On the left is a typical boatman. This canal, completed in 1856, linked Saima Lake to the Gulf of Finland

Bird Catching from Above, Shetland Islands, 1813. Catchers were lowered down on a rope. Birds and eggs were a great economic resource for the Shetland Islanders

Bird Catching from Below, Shetland Islands, 1813. Catchers were helped up the cliffs by colleagues in rowing boats. Birds and eggs were a great economic resource for the Shetland Islanders

Bell telephone, 1882. Artist: Alexander Graham Bell
Bell telephone, 1882. Scottish-born American inventor Bell (1847-1922) filed the patent for his telephone at the United States Patent Office at 3pm on 14 February 1876

Making Edison light bulbs, 1880. Vacuum apparatus used to exhaust Edison incandescent light bulbs at G (centre top). From Scientific American. (New York, 1880)

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, at work in his laboratory, mid 19th century (c1885). Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural

Title page of Dialogo, by Galileo, 1632. Title page of Dialogo, (Dialogue on the two chief world systems) was published in Florence in 1632

Using a quadrant with a plumb bob to calculate the height of a tower by triangulation, 1551. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

The solar spectrum, 1814. Joseph von Fraunhofers (1787-1826) drawing of the lines of the solar spectrum, and above it a curve showing the intensity of sunlight in different parts of the spectrum

Insects, 1911. Artist: L Patriarche
Insects, 1911. Reverse of a plaquette commemorating French entomologist Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915), who wrote numerous books on the anatomy and behaviour of insects

Mining for rock salt, c1890. Miners being lowered down a shaft on rope slings to begin their shift in the salt mine at Wieliczka, Galicia, Poland

Jean Henri Fabre, French entomologist, 1911. Artist: L Patriarche
Jean Henri Fabre, French entomologist, 1911. Fabre (1823-1915) examining specimens through a magnifying glass. He wrote numerous books on the anatomy and behaviour of insects

Producing salt by evaporating natural brine by pouring it into a pit of burning charcoal, 1556. A rather impure product resulted. From De re metallica by Agricola (Georg Bauer). (Basel, 1556)

Thomas Alva Edisons first Phonograph, 1878 (1915). In this model the cylinder on which the sound was recorded had to be rotated by hand. The instrument is shown in recording mode

Roderick Impey Murchison, Scottish geologist, 1870. Artist: Carlo Pellegrini
Roderick Impey Murchison, Scottish geologist, 1870. Murchison (1792-1871) investigated old rocks beneath the red sandstone

Edgar Berillon, French psychologist, 1929
Edgar Berillon (1854-1948), French psychologist, c1929. Reverse of a medal struck to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Berillons (1854-1948)

Plaquette commemorating the death of Henri Poincare, French mathematician, 1912
Plaquette commemorating the death of Henri Poincare, French mathematician and philosopher, 1912. Poincare (1854-1912) is best remembered for his work on topology and celestial mechanics

Leonid meteor shower, 1870. The Leonids are visible in the night sky during November, and this observation was made by the French aeronauts Henri Giffard (1825-1882)

Medal commemorating the discovery of penicillin, 1945
Medal commemorating the discovery of penicillin. Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered penicillin in 1928

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 18th century French chemist, 1801. Among other achievements, Lavoisier (1743-1794) was one of the discoverers of oxygen, and established the laws of chemical combination

Henry Bessemer, British engineer and inventor, 19th century. Bessemer (1813-1898) was a prolific inventor, but is best known for the invention of a method of converting pig iron into steel

Claude Bernard, 19th century French physiologist, 1913. Obverse of a silver plaquette commemorating the centenary of his birth

Medal commemorating Claude Bernard, French physiologist, 19th century. Bernard (1813-1878) investigated the liver, discovering glycogen

Claude Bernard, French physiologist, 19th century. From the obverse of a commemorative medal. Bernard (1813-1878) investigated the liver, discovering glycogen

Hydrotherapy treatments, c1902. Wet packs for treating the the kidney (top) and spine (middle). Bottom: sitz-bath and half-bath

James Manby Gully, British physician, 1876. Artist: Spy
James Manby Gully, British physician, 1876. Gully (1808-1883) practised first in London then in Malvern, Worcestershire, where he specialised in hydrotherapy

John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, British physiologist, 1894. Artist: Spy
John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, British physiologist, 1894. Burdon-Sanderson (1828-1905) was Regius professor of medicine at Oxford

James Graham, Scottish quack doctor, 1795. Artist: John Kay
James Graham, Scottish quack doctor, 1795. Graham (1745-1794) set up the Temple of Health in The Adelphi, London. He used milk baths, friction, electricity and magnetism in the treatments he offered

Cricket Field at Bournville, 1892. Bournville was the ideal village built near Birmingham for their employees by the chocolate manufacturers Cadburys

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