Images Dated 4th August 2005 (page 29)

Magnetism, 1600. Magnetic needles on a terrella will point towards the north pole (A). Other needles will do likewise, even though the surface of the terrella is uneven, as at O

Magnetism, 1600. Diagram to illustrate the behaviour of a magnet at different positions around the north pole of the Earth (A). From De Magnete by William Gilbert. (London, 1600)

Forging a magnet, 1600. The metal on the anvil is aligned North/South (Septentrio/Auster). From De Magnete by William Gilbert. (London, 1600)

Casellis pantelegraph, 1874. This device, invented by the Italian abbot and inventor Giovanni Caselli (1815-1891) was effectively an early fax machine

Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist, demonstrating his electric pile (battery), c1800 (c1870). Voltas (1745-1827) voltaic pile, an early form of battery, was the first source of current electricity

Joseph Wilson Swan, British physicist and chemist, demonstrating electromagnetism, 1889. Swan (1828-1914) was the inventor of bromide paper for photography and of an incandescent light bulb

Humphry Davy, British chemist and inventor, 1801 Artist: Thomson
Humphry Davy, British chemist and inventor, 1801. Davy (1778-1829) discovered the anaesthetic effects of laughing gas (nitrous oxide)

Making pots without a wheel, Nigeria, c1966

Michael Faraday lecturing at the Royal Institution, London, c1835. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Michael Faraday, British chemist and physicist, c1845. Artist: J Cook
Michael Faraday, British chemist and physicist, c1845. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Louis Pasteur, French chemist, 1895. Pasteur (1822-1895) developed the pasteurisation process which kills pathogens in milk, wine and foods, and he produced vaccines against anthrax and rabies

Distillation, 1500. A still in a water bath (bain-marie), showing an alembic. Froms Liber de arte distillandi by Hieronymous von Braunschweig or Brunschwig, (Strasbourg, 1500)

Samuel Finley Breese Morse, American artist and inventor, 1872. Morse (1791-1872), best remembered for devising the code for telegraphic messages named after him

Blaise Pascal, 17th century French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and theologian, 1821. Artist: Thomas Dale
Blaise Pascal, 17th century French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and theologian, 1821. Credited with founding the modern theory of probability

Trephination, 1593. Using an elevator to remove a piece of bone from the skull. Trephination as a therapeutic or magico-religious procedure dates back to Neolithic times

Comet Shoemaker-Levy colliding with Jupiter, 20 July 1994. Between 16 and 22 July 1994, some 20 fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 struck the atmosphere of Jupiter

Pierre de Fermat, 17th century French mathematician, 1762
Pierre de Fermat, 17th century French mathematician, [1762]. Fermats (1601-1665) contributions to mathematics include the founding of analytic geometry

Sectional view of the Earth, showing central fire and underground canals linked to oceans, 1665. From Mundus Subterraneous by Athanasius Kircher

Pythagoras, Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher, 6th century BC (1833). Pythagoras (c580-c500 BC) shown drawing his theorem on right-angled triangles in the sand using a stick

Deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope, 1990. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was put into orbit from the Space Shuttle Discovery, mission STS-31 on 24 April 1990

The planet Jupiter, 1979. Full view of the planet Jupiter from 32 million kilometres, taken from Voyager 1. The Great Red Spot on Jupiter, a storm that has been raging for hundreds of years

Great Red Spot on Jupiter, 1979. Voyager 1s image of a close up of the turbulent region around the Great Red Spot on Jupiter, a storm that has been raging for hundreds of years

View of Mars, August 1976. Taken from Viking 2 Orbiter, the photograph shows the large Ascreaus Mons volcano swathed in clouds of ice crystals in the top right corner

Lady Physicians, 1865. Artist: George du Maurier
Lady Physicians, 1865. Who is this interesting invalid? It is young Reginald de Bracks, who has succeeded in catching a bad cold, in order that he might send for that rising practitioner

Slaves harvesting sugar cane in Louisiana, 1833. Note the serrated sickle being used. From Scenes of American Wealth and Industry. (Boston, 1833)

Florence Nightingale, English nurse and hospital reformer, 1855. Named after the place of her birth in Italy, Nightingale devoted her life to the sick and suffering

Circulation of the blood, 1628. English physician William Harvey (1578-1657) was the first to correctly describe the mechanism whereby blood is circulated in the body

Enrico Fermi, Italian-born American nuclear physicist. Fermi (1901-1954) constructed the first working nuclear reactor, in a squash court at the University of Chicago in 1942

Michael Faraday, British physicist and chemist, c1850-1867. Faraday (1791-1867) was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century

Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and entrepreneur, 1869. De Lesseps (1805-1894) built the Suez Canal to enable shipping to pass between the Mediterranean

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1871. Artist: Carlo Pellegrini
Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1871. Huxley (1825-1895) was the foremost supporter of Darwin in the debate on evolution by natural selection which raged in the second half of the 19th

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