Louis Figuier Collection

Galileo facing the Inquisition, Rome, 1633 (1870). Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Louis Figuier, 1853/77. Creator: Nadar
Louis Figuier, 1853/77. Woodburytype, from the periodical "Galerie Contemporaine Litteraire, Artistique" (1877), volume 4

Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist, demonstrating his electric pile (battery), c1800 (c1870). Voltas (1745-1827) voltaic pile, an early form of battery, was the first source of current electricity

Sectional view of a telegraph tower for Claude Chappes semaphore, 1792, (c1870). Chappes (1763-1805) system was in use in France and French colonies until about 1850

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, French chemist, demonstrating his discovery of oxygen, 1776 (1874). On the table in the right background of the picture is his calorimeter

Nicholas Lemery, French chemist, 1870. Lemery (1645-1715) was a pharmacist and lecturer in Paris. He wrote a textbook on chemistry and a treatise on the element antimony

Nicolas Lemery, French pharmacist and chemist, 1874
Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715), 1874. Lemery (1645-1715) gave popular demonstrations in his lecture room. In 1675 he published his Cours de chymie which ran to 13 editions in his lifetime

Paris Observatory in the time of Louis XIV, 17th century (1870). In 1669 Louis engaged the Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712) to construct and direct the observatory

Jean Baptiste von Helmont, Belgian physician and chemist, 1870. Helmont (1579-1644) recognised that there are more gases than just air, and claimed to have coined the word gas

Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist, 1874. Spallanzani (1729-1799) worked on bacteria, disproving spontaneous generation, on digestion, where he was first to use the term gastric juice

Guillaume Francois Rouelle, 18th century French chemist, 1874. Antoine Lavoisiers teacher and Professor (demonstrateur) at the Jardin du Roi, Paris

Rene-Antoine Ferchault de Reamur, 18th century French physicist, 1874. Ferchault de Reamur (1683-1757) is shown constructing a thermometer using spirit instead of mercury

Death of Pliny the Elder, 79 (1866). Roman writer and author of Historia naturalis, Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (23-79)

Hippocrates of Cos, Ancient Greek physician, 1866. Known as the father of medicine Hippocrates (c460-c359 BC) laid the foundations of a scientific basis for medicine

Theophrastus, Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, 1866. Theophrastus (c372-c287 BC) was a pupil of Plato and of Aristotle who he succeeded as President of the Lyceum in 323 BC

William Harvey, English physician, in Windsor Park, 17th century (1870). Harvey (1578-1657) explaining to Charles I the results of his investigations into reproduction

Sectional view of lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1870. Also known as Oil of Vitriol or H2S04, sulphuric acid was one of the most important of industrial chemicals

Sectional view of Gay-Lussacs lead chambers and absorption towers, 1870. These were for the large-scale production of sulphuric acid also (Oil of Vitriol or H2SO4)

Antoine-Laurent Jussieu, French botanist, 1880. Born in Lyon, Jussieu (1748-1836), the nephew of the botanist Bernard de Jussieu, studied medicine, graduating in 1770

Bernard de Jussieu, 18th century French botanist, 1880. A member of the family of distinguished botanists, de Jussieu (1699-1777) was director of the gardens at the Trianon, Versailles

Paul Jablochkoff, Russian telegraph engineer, 1883. In 1867 Jablochkoff (1847-1914) invented the Jablochkoff candle, a carbon arc lamp. From Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science by Louis Figuier

Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist, 1870. Fizeau (1819-1896) measured the velocity of light on the Earths surface (1849). He used Dopplers principle to determine the velocity of stars in line of

Joseph Black visiting James Watt in his Glasgow workshop, c1760 (c1879). Artists impression of Joseph Black (1729-1799), Scottish chemist, visiting James Watt (1736-1819)

Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, French astronomer and mathematician, in Finland, 1736, (1874). In 1736 Maupertuis (1698-1759)

Galileo observing the swaying of the chandelier in Pisa Cathedral, c1584 (1870). Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Harvey demonstrating circulation of the blood to the College of Physicians, c1628 (1870). William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician, published his famous De motu cordis

French physicist Denis Papins, steamboat being wrecked, 1707 (1870)
French physicist Denis Papin s, steamboat being wrecked, 1707 (1870). The boatmen on the river Weser saw the boat powered by Papins (1647-1712)

Galileo demonstrating his telescope, Venice, 1609 (1870). In this artists reconstruction Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Denis Papin, French physicist, 1870. In 1675, Papin (1647-1712) went to London where he worked with Robert Boyle and invented the forerunner to the pressure cooker, the steam digester

Elisha Gray, American inventor, presenting the caveat for his telephone, 1876, (c1890). Gray (1835-1901) arrived at the US Patent Office at 4pm on 14 February 1876

Claude Chappe demonstrating his optical telegraph (semaphore) system in 1793 (c1870). Chappes (1763-1805) system was in use in France and French colonies until about 1850

Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French scientists, 1804 (1870). Biot (1774-1864) and Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)

Discovery of the principle of the telescope, 17th century (1863). Artists impression of the supposed chance discovery of the principle of the telescope by children playing in the workshop of

Pierre de Fermat, 17th century French mathematician, 1870. Fermats (1601-1665) contributions to mathematics include the founding of analytic geometry

Mesmers tub, c1870. In 1779, soon after the publication of his treatise Memoire sur la decouverte de magnetism animal, Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the founder of Mesmerism

Lesage experimenting with the first electric telegraph, Geneva, 1774 (1876). George Louis Lesage (1724-1803), Swiss scientist, devised an early form of electric telegraph

Street in Newcastle Upon Tyne lit by Swan incandescent electric lamps, 1883. In January 1879 Joseph Wilson Swan (1828-1914)

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