Calculating Tool Collection

Clerk using a Pascal adding machine, 1835
Clerk using an adding machine of the type developed by Blaise Pascal (1623-1664), 1835. (Colorised black and white print)

Using astrolabes to calculate the height of a steeple, 1539. Artist: Petrus Apianus
Using astrolabes to calculate the height of a steeple, 1539. From Cosmographia, Peter Apian, Antwerp, 1539

Title page of Quadrans Apiani by German mathematician and astronomer Peter Apian, 1532. The illustration shows his recently invented quadrant

Pythagoras, Greek mathematician, 1508. Pythagoras (right) using a counting table, competes against Boethius (Boece) using algorithms for speed at calculation

Pascals digital counting machine of 1642, 1751-1780
Blaise Pascals (1623-1664) digital counting machine (1642) showing (top) two of the train of number wheels which were viewed through windows in the casing of the machine

George and Edward Scheutzs calculating machine. Based on Babbages difference engine, it was developed between 1837 and 1843. Purchased for Dudley Observatory, Albany, New York

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