Pioneer Collection (page 11)

The Montgolfier brothers, French ballooning pioneers, (1890s). Joseph Michel (1740-1810) and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier (1745-1799)

Curtiss Biplane, 20th century. Designed by American aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss (1878-1930), the Curtiss Biplane set several records in 1909

Farman biplane, 20th century
Farman Biplane, 20th century. Designed by French aviation pioneer Henri Farman and powered by a 50hp Gnome engine, this biplane won the distance contest at the Reims Aviation Week in 1909

Captain Marconnet and Lieutenant Fequant, French army aviators, c1910. On 9th June 1910 Marconnet and Fequant made the first aerial reconnaisance flight in an aeroplane

A French faience plate depicting Jean-Pierre Blanchards balloon trip. Jean-Pierre Blanchard (1753-1809) was a French inventor, most remembered as a pioneer in aviation and ballooning

A French faience plate with aeronauts with flags, 1785. A popular painted scene was the Charles and Robert balloon, Globe

The death of the aviator Auguste Severo over Paris, 1902. Severo and his mechanic were both killed soon after the hydrogen in Severos recently built airship Pax exploded 2000 feet above the city

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, 19th century French chemist and physicist, (1900). Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) made balloon ascents to investigate terrestrial magnetism and the composition

Ernst Werner von Siemens 19th century German inventor and industrialist, (1900). Siemens (1816-1892) co-invented an electroplating process (1841) and also developed an electric dynamo

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch pioneer of microscopy, (1813). Artist: J Chapman
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch pioneer of microscopy, (1813). It was probably as a result of his use of lenses in examining cloth as a drapers apprentice that led to Leeuwenhoeks interest in lens

Charles Darwin, British naturalist, (1899). Artist: C Cook
Charles Darwin, British naturalist, (1899). Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

Sir Charles Wheatstone, British inventor, (1899). Artist: C Cook
Sir Charles Wheatstone, British inventor, (1899). Wheatstone (1802-1875) was a pioneer of electric telegraphy. In 1837, he and William Fothergill Cooke patented their five-needle telegraph machine

Song on the aerostatic sphere, 18th century. Commemorating the Montgolfier Brothers balloon experiment in the garden of M Reveillon on 19 October 1783

The attempt by the Count de la Vaulx to cross the Mediterranean by balloon, 1901. Artist: P Doye
The attempt by the Count de la Vaulx to cross the Mediterranean by balloon, 1901. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 20th October 1901

Alberto Santos-Dumont landing his airship number 9 in Longchamp, Paris, 1903. A print from La Vie au Grand Air, 19th June 1903

Alberto Santos-Dumont flying his airship number 10, 1903. Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) was an early pioneer of aviation

Aerial Navigation, c1910. Three early aeroplanes; Henri Farmans (1874-1958) biplane, in which he made his first flight in 1908

Archdeacon aeroplane, 1904. Ernest Archdeacon was a French lawyer of Irish descent who was also a pioneer aviator. This aircraft built by him in 1904 was based on the design of the Wright Brothers

Santos-Dumonts airship departing from Trouville, France, 1905. Alberto Santos-Dumont was a Brazilian pioneer aviator. He initially focused on airship design

The Parachute of Fauste Veranzio, 1617, (1887). Artist: Gaston Tissandier
The Parachute of Fauste Veranzio, 1617, (1887). The inventor Fauste Veranzio (Faust Vrancic) deveolped a parachute after studying Leonardo da Vincis sketches of one

Reception of the Robert Brothers by the Prince of Ghistelles in 1784, (1887). Artist: Gaston Tissandier
Reception of the Robert Brothers by the Prince of Ghistelles in 1784, (1887). French balloonists Noel and Jean Robert, recieved by Philippe-Alexandre-Emmanuel-Francois-Joseph de Ghistelles at his

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, 1866. Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural chemistry

Justus von Liebig, German chemist, c1860. Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural chemistry

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, French chemist, demonstrating his discovery of oxygen, 1776 (1874). On the table in the right background of the picture is his calorimeter

Pollen mass of Orchis mascula when first attached (A) and after depression (B), 1899. From The Various Contrivances by which Orchids are Fertilized by Insects (second edition) by Charles Darwin

Andreas Vesalius, 16th century Flemish anatomist, c1789-c1798. Vesalius (1514-1564) great work on anatomy De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body) (1543) was a landmark

Justus von Liebig, 19th century German chemist. Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the most illustrious chemists of his age; he was the founder of agricultural chemistry

The moth Acontia luctuosa and orchid pollen, 1862. This shows seven pairs of pollinia of Orchis pyramidalis on the moths proboscis

Parade of the Young Pioneers, Red Square, Moscow, 1972

Gustave Hamel, British aviation pioneer, 1913. Hamel (c1884-1914) disappeared over the English Channel on 23 May 1914 on a flight from France piloting a new aircraft

Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz, German motor industry pioneers, 1961. Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (1834-1900), left, German engineer and inventor and Karl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929)

Yuri Gagarin, Soviet Russian cosmonaut, 1961. Czech postage stamp commemorating Gagarins (1934-1968) flight in Vostok, 12 April 1961, the first manned space flight

Wilhelm Konrad von Rontgen, German physicist, 1902. In 1895, while professor of physics at Wurzburg, (Rontgen (1845-1913) discovered X-rays, originally called Rontgen rays

Funeral of Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1882. After his death at Down House, his home for forty years, the body of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was brought to Westminster Abbey, London, where

Charles Darwin in the sand walk at Down House, c1870 (1887). English naturalist Darwin (1809-1882) spent much time walking and thinking in his garden at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, in his study, c1870 (1887). Darwin (1809-1882) lived at Down House, Beckenham, Kent for forty years

Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, 1887. Garden view of the home for forty years of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1884. Darwin (1809-1882) put forward the modern theory of evolution and proposed the principle of evolution by natural selection

Thomas Alva Edison at Menlo Park, late 1880s. Edison (1847-1931), American physicist and inventor in his laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey

John Dalton, English chemist, c1834 (1902). As a Quaker, Dalton (1766-1844) could not attend an English university, so supported himself by teaching

Thomas Alva Edison, 1888
Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, 1888. Edison (1847-1931) listening to a recording on his phonograph. This is an electric model powered by a bichromate cell (left)

Thomas Alva Edison, American physicist and inventor, 1929. Obverse of a medal celebrating the 50th anniversary of Edisons (1847-1931) invention of the incandescent lamp in 1879

Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). Artist: Herbert Bourne
Watts First Experiment, 18th century, (c1870). James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish engineer, as a boy experimenting with the tea-kettle at the dining table of his childhood home at Greenock

The Tale of a Tea-kettle, 1844. Artist: Ebenezer Landells
The Tale of a Tea-kettle, 1844. James Watt as a boy watching the kettle boiling in the fire. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland

James Watts workshop at Heathfield Hall, Birmingham, 1886. It had not been disturbed since his death in 1819. Watt (1736-1819), Scottish engineer and inventor, was born at Greenock on the Clyde

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1881. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1870. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

James Watt, Scottish engineer and inventor, 1876. Watt (1736-1819) was born at Greenock on the Clyde, Scotland, and showed an interest in engineering and invention from an early age

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