Evolution Collection (#2)

Three types of human skull, 1848. Comparison of a Negro (native of Kongo), Chilamache native American (from Louisiana), and Chinese (from Canton)

Ancient Cimbrian, Esthonian Finn, Lappe, 1848. An engraving from the Natural History of Man, by James Cowles Prichard, (Hippolyte Bailliere, London, third edition, 1848)

Human and orang-utan skulls, 1848. Illustrations of the base of the skull. An engraving from the Natural History of Man, by James Cowles Prichard, (Hippolyte Bailliere, London, third edition, 1848)

Lateral view of the skull or profile, 1848. Comparison of the skulls of European and African humans with those of the chimpanzee and orang-utan

The vertical configuration of the skull, 1848. Comparison of Caucasian, Mongole, Negro and Titicacan skulls. During the 19th century

Blackville, 1878. Artist: Solomon Eytinge
Blackville, 1878. Part of a series: a post-emancipation debate on Darwinism. African Americans are here caricatured in a racist fashion as illiterate and ape-like

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, at his desk in 1882 (1883). Huxley (1825-1895) was President of the Royal Society from 1883-1885

The Meeting of the (Royal) Zoological Society, Hanover Square, London, 1885. Artist: Harry Furniss
The Meeting of the Zoological Society, Hanover Square, London, 1885. The naturalist Richard Owen (1804-1892) is in the left foreground, next to Mr Punch, holding an Apteryx bursting from its egg

A Scientific Institution. During ye Lecture of an Eminent Savan, 1849. Artist: Richard Doyle
A Scientific Institution. During ye Lecture of an Eminent Savan, 1849. Richard Owen (1804-1892) British naturalist and anatomist

Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, c1880. Huxley (1825-1895) was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of evolution in the 19th century

Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1881. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1881. Huxley (1825-1895) was Inspector of Fisheries from 1881-1885. He was a prominent supporter of Darwin in the controversy that raged over his theory of

Richard Owen, British naturalist, c1856 (1891). After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, c1860s. Huxley (1825-1895) was known as Darwins bulldog because of his ardent support of Darwins theory of evolution

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1897. Portrait published after his death of Huxley (1825-1895) who was known as Darwins bulldog because of his ardent support of Darwins theory of evolution

Thomas Henry Huxley, British biologist, 1866. Huxley (1825-1895) was known as Darwins bulldog because of his ardent support of Darwins theory of evolution

Prehistoric Peeps: A Night Lecture on Evolution, 1894. Artist: Edward Tennyson Reed
Prehistoric Peeps: A Night Lecture on Evolution, 1894. Satirical cartoon showing creatures halfway between men and monkeys listening to a lecture. The lectern is in the form of a pteradoctyl

Homology (of commmon descent), c1920. A: Fore-limb of a monkey. B: Fore-limb of a whale. Although different at first sight, they have similar architecture

Evolution of the horse, c1920. Diagram of seven stages in the development of hind and forelimbs: 1, 1A Eohippus; 2, 2A Orohippus; 3, 3A Mesohippus; 4, 4A Hypohippus; 5, 5A Merychippus; 6

Richard Owen, English anatomist and paleontologist, 1872. After qualifying and practising as a surgeon, Owen (1804-1892) made major contributions in the fields of anatomy and paleontology

Medal commemorating Jean Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, French biologist, 20th century. Lamarcks (1744-1829) theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics was known as

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte du Buffon, French naturalist, 1761. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC

Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh naturalist, c1895. Wallace (1823-1913) formulated a theory of evolution independently of Charles Darwin

Alfred Russell Wallace, Welsh-born British naturalist, c1900. Wallace (1823-1913) independently arrived at a theory of evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Artist: Edward Linley Sambourne
Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1875. Darwin (1809-1882) was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. He first made his name as a geologist

Jean Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829), French naturalist. Said to be the first to use the term biology. Lamarcks own theory of evolution was in fact based on the idea that individuals adapt during their

Mammal embryos, 1905. Dog, bat, hare and human embryos at various stages of development. Illustration from Ernst Haeckels book; one of the first to sketch the genealogical tree of animals

The Lion of the Season, 1861. Artist: John Leech
The Lion of the Season, 1861. Cartoon from Punch, London, 25 May 1861, when controversy over Darwins Origin of Species was raging

Monkeyana: Am I a Man and a Brother?, 1861. Cartoon from Punch, London 18 May 1861, when controversy over Darwins Origin of Species was raging

Thomas Henry Huxley, 1893. Artist: Leopold Flameng
Thomas Henry Huxley, 1893. Leaning on a pile of books and holding a skull. English scientist remembered as Darwins Bulldog

Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus). Reconstruction based on a skull cap, thigh bone and two back teeth discovered in Pliocene fossil beds in Trinil, Central Java, by Dr Eugene Dubois in 1894

Skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus daswoni), 1912. This supposed fossil was discovered near Lewes, Sussex, in 1912 by Charles Dawson, a local solicitor and amateur archaeologist

Model of the skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus dawsoni), 1914. Artist: Dr Smith Woodward
Model of the skull of Piltdown Man (Eanothropus dawsoni), 1914. Model as reconstructed by Dr Smith Woodward. Dark areas are from the original fossil, the light are the restored areas

Taungs Ape-Man. Artists drawing of Australian anatomist and ethnologist Grafton Elliot Smiths (1871-1937) idea of the appearance of a young Australopithecus Africanus

Giraffes browsing, c1885. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist, considered that the giraffe illustrated Transformism (also known as Lamarckism)

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1874
Charles Darwin (1809-82) English naturalist. Cartoon, depicting Darwins head superimposed on an apes body, showing another ape its reflection in a mirror

Giraffe browsing on a tree, 1836. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist, considered that the giraffe illustrated Transformism (also known as Lamarckism)

Jean Lamarck, French naturalist. Lamarck (1744-1829) formulated the doctrine of Transformism (also known as Lamarckism), a theory of evolution which stated that acquired characteristics could be

George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century. Artist: Holl
George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, 18th century. Author of the encyclopedic 44-volume Histoire Naturelle, Buffon (1707-1778) proposed that the Earth existed before 4004 BC

Vision of an intellectual family in the 1950s, 1883
Vision of an intellectual family in the 1950s. Anticipated result of selective breeding in Man. From A. Robida Le Vingtieme Siecle, Paris, 1883

Geology and Palaeontology, c1880. Diagram showing geological eras and periods with the rock strata associated with each (right) as well as the types of flora and fauna alive at the time

Charles Darwin, English naturalist. Darwin (1809-1882) as a young man. Darwin was employed as naturalist on HMS Beagle from 1831-1836

Pigeons used by Charles Darwin at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, England, 1887
Pigeons used by Charles Darwin during his work on theory of descent, at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent, England, 1887 Wood engraving

Fish of Early Devonian Era, Gemuendina Stuertzi, Prussia

Asa Gray, American botanist, 1888. Specialist on Japanese flora and friend of Darwin. who accepted Natural Selection as force in evolution but, as devout Protestant

Haeckels comparision of embryos of Pig, Cow, Rabbit and Man. Artist: Ernst Haeckel
Haeckels comparision of embryos of Pig, Cow, Rabbit and Man. Top row, all embryos show gill slit at O, demonstrating his Recapitulation theory

Mammal embryos, 1910. Artist: Ernst Haeckel
Mammal embryos, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man, fifth edition, London, 1910

Sauropsid embryos, 1910. Artist: Ernst Haeckel
Sauropsid embryos, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man, fifth edition, London, 1910

Paleontological tree of vertebrates, 1910. Artist: Ernst Haeckel
Paleontological tree of vertebrates, 1910. From Ernst Haeckel The Evolution of Man, fifth edition, London, 1910

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