Civilian Collection (#9)

The first Allied tanks arrive in Strasbourg, Alsace, November 1944. Strasbourg was liberated by General Philippe Leclercs French 2nd Armoured Division on 24 November

Liberation of Alsace-Lorraine, 1944-1945. People waving French tricolours from an upstairs window of a house on the road to Mulhouse

German military concert in the Garden of the Tuileries, Paris, 15 August 1940

Improvised bicycle vehicle, German-occupied Paris, 1940-1944. With petrol shortages and private cars confiscated by the Germans, people who owned bicycles adapted them to transport the whole family

French street sellers offering souvenirs to a truckload of German soldiers, Paris, 27 July 1940
French street sellers offering souvenirs to a truckload of German soldiers, Place de l Opera, Paris, 27 July 1940

Two women at home, France, 1939. The woman in the foreground is reading a copy of Le Livre Jaune Francais, a book published by the French Foreign Ministry relating to diplomatic negotiations between

Horse-drawn cabs on a street during the German occupation, Paris, 1944. By the last year of the occupation there were few cars left on the streets of Paris due to the shortage of petrol

Second-hand book and print stalls on the bank of the Seine, German-occupied Paris, 1940. German soldiers looking at the good on display

German soldiers chatting up French women outside the Moulin Rouge, occupied Paris, June 1940

German troops in occupied Paris, June 1940. Paris fell to the Germans on 14 June

French and Belgian refugees, Rambouillet, France, 16 July 1940. Families who had fled before the advancing Germans prepare to return to their homes after the capitulation of France

German occupation of Paris, 14 June 1940. Crowds of Parisians line the streets to watch the arrival of the occupying German troops

German checkpoint, occupied Paris, 1940-1944. During the occupation the freedom of movement of the citizens of Paris was restricted as they were subjected to checks of their vehicles and papers

Women manufacturing shell casings in a Russian factory, World War II, 1943

Bystanders examining an abandoned tank on the Rue de Medicis, liberation of Paris, August 1944

Young girls assembling machine guns in a Russian factory, 1943

People of the Russian city of Smolensk after its liberation by the Red Army, 1943. Smolensk was liberated from German occupation at the end of September 1943 during a major Russian offensive

Homeless refugee women and children, Russia, 1941

Refugees leaving a Normandy town, France, World War II, 1940-1944

Front page of L Amerique en Guerre newspaper, 9 August 1944. The front page story describes the progress of the liberation of France by the Allies

Civilians in front of a German guard post with a machine gun, Paris, June 1940. The Germans captured Paris on 14 June 1940, beginning an occupation that would last just over four years

German soldier cycling through the streets of Paris, June 1940. Paris fell to the Germans on 14 June

The liberation of Paris, August 1944. Jubilant French civilians surround the obelisk in the Place de la Concorde while others ride on an American jeep

Celebrating the liberation of Paris, 26 August 1944. Huge crowds gathered around the Arc de Triomphe the day after the German forces in the city surrendere to the Allies. An aeroplane circles overhead

Refugees returning home, Paris, July 1940. People who had fled the German invaders returning to their homes after Frances defeat

Families awaiting news of their loved ones, Air Ministry, Paris 1944. A crowd of people wait anxiously behind locked gates for the results of tests to identify bodies found in the buildings basement

German soldiers in front of the Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1940. Paris fell to the Germans on 14 June 1940

Woman scavenging for food, Bayreuth, Germany, April 1945. An illustration of the hardships of life for civilians in Germany as World War II neared its conclusion

A woman leaving her burning house in a bombed street, Germany, 1945. She carries the few possessions she has been able to salvage

Entering Holland from the Belgian frontier, 1915. About a million refugees crossed the border from German-occupied Belgium into the neutral Netherlands during the First World War

The market in the ruins of Hohenstein, East Prussia, World War I, 1915. The town of Hohenstein suffered damage during the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914

Busy road, World War I, 1915. Civilian traffic being passed on either side by German troops heading towards the front, some on foot, others in horse-drawn wagons

A street in Ortelsburg, Eastern Prussia, World War I, August 1915. The town of Ortelsburg was almost destroyed by the Russians early in the First World War

German travelling kitchen, Vosges, France, World War I, 1916. A photograph from Der Grosse Krieg in Bildern

World War 2: Liberation of Paris, 1944. French civilians celebrating the Liberation and holding banners saying Vive la Republique and Vive de Gaulle

Stone panels from northern Iraq, Neo-Assyrian, c700-c681 BC
Relief of Assyrian slingers at the siege of Lachish, from the north-west palace at Nineveh of Sennacharib, from the British Museums collection

Poster paying tribute to the war effort, French, World War I, 1914-1918. A wounded French soldier saying that civilians are also supporting the war effort by making their individual financial

The Shootings of May 3rd 1808, 1814. Artist: Francisco Goya
The Shootings of May 3rd 1808, 1814. Painted in 1814 for King Ferdinand VII of Spain, this is a forceful, sobering condemnation of the horrors of war

Boer women and children in a British concentration camp in the Transvaal, Boer War, 1901. This represented the first use of the internment of civilians in camps in wartime

Members of the Womens Volunteer Defence Corps being trained in rifle drill, World War II, 1940. Small arms were in short supply

Local residents supplying refreshments to soldiers evacuated from Dunkirk, World War II, 1940. After the dramatic German advance through the Low Countries and France in May 1940

Womens Land Army lifting a crop, World War II, 1940. The Womens Land Army was established to meet the demand for agricultural labour caused by the absence of male farm workers on active service

British girls of the Womens Land Army learning to plough with a tractor, World War II, 1939-1945. The Womens Land Army was established in June 1939 to meet the demand for agricultural labour caused

French Foreign Legion, c1910. French postcard

Saida, Algeria, c1910. French postcard

Battle of Tonkin, Franco-Chinese War, 20th century

French Foreign Legion, Ain Temouchent, Algeria, 1899. French postcard

The child of the regiment, 1898. Artist: F Meaulle
The child of the regiment, 1898. An illustration from Le Petit Journal, 11th September 1898

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